副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂的寄生影响因子

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂的寄生影响因子 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201312253019 作者: 作者单位: 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南大学环境与植物保护学院,中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 农业部发展南亚热带作物办公室项目(12RZBC-20, 13RZBC-15, 14RZBC-15);中国热带农业科学院基本业务费(1630042012005) Factors influencing the parasitism of Metaphycus parasaissetiae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Author: Affiliation: Environment and Plant Protection Institute,CATAS,,Environment and Plant Protection Institute,CATAS,Environment and Plant Protection Institute,CATAS,Environment and Plant Protection Institute,CATAS,Environment and Plant Protection Institute,CATAS Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus parasaissetiae是橡副珠蜡蚧Parasaissetia nigra成虫的重要内寄生蜂。寄生蜂的寄生效果受多种因素影响,就温度、光周期、寄主成虫日龄、雌蜂日龄及交配等因子对副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂的寄生率、每头寄主的出蜂量及后代雌性率的影响进行研究,以期探明几种因子对该蜂寄生效果的影响。结果表明:温度为27-30 ℃时寄生率最高为91.7%,出蜂量以27 ℃最高为7.5头,雌性率以24 ℃条件最高为72.1%,其次27 ℃为62.6%,说明24-30 ℃是寄生效果较好的适温范围;光周期对副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂的影响明显,光暗比为12 h : 12 h条件下,其寄生率、出蜂量、后代雌性率均最大,分别为70.6%、5.3头、68.3%;副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂寄生用20-21日龄橡副珠蜡蚧成虫的寄生率、出蜂量及后代雌性率均为最高,分别为87.0%、5.6头、51.2%,说明20-21日龄的橡副珠蜡蚧成虫是副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂最适合寄生的阶段;雌蜂日龄对寄生效果的影响明显,3日龄的出蜂量最多为5.6头,4日龄的小蜂寄生率最高为81.7%, 5日龄的雌性率最大为55.2%;交配是另一影响寄生效果及性比的重要因子,已交配的寄生率及出蜂量显著高于未交配的,分别为91.7%、7.5头,交配的雌性率为62.1%,而未交配所育后代均为雄蜂。综合以上结果分析,可考虑选用20-21日龄橡副珠蜡蚧成虫、充分交配的3-6日龄小蜂、温度27 ℃及光周期L : D=12 : 12作为室内扩繁副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂的理想条件组合。 Abstract:Metaphycus parasaissetiae is a dominant endoparasitoid found in Parasaissetia nigra adults; however, various factors influence the efficiency of the parasite. The parasitic rate, emergence amount per host, and the sexes of its progeny were used to evaluate the effects of temperature, photoperiods, ages of P. nigra adults, adult ages, and female M. parasaissetiae mating success on parasitic efficiency. The results showed that the parasitic rate peaked (91.7%) at 27-30 ℃, but decreased to 88.3% at 33 ℃. In the temperature range of 21 to 27 ℃, the emergence levels of M. parasaissetiae gradually increased with temperature, increasing 7.5 at 27 ℃. This emergence level was significantly higher than that recorded at other temperatures. However, in the temperature range of 27 to 33 ℃, the emergence level decreased with temperature, declining to 5.1 at 33 ℃. The highest female ratio was 72.1% at 24 ℃, followed by 62.6% at 27 ℃; thus, a temperature range of 24 to 30 ℃ is suitable for the parasitoid. Parasitic efficiency gradually increased as the illumination duration was increased from 8 h to 12 h. After 12 h illumination, the number of parasitized hosts, parasitic rate, emergence level, and female progeny ratio of M. parasaissetiae were the highest in all groups, i.e., 21.2, 70.6%, 5.3, and 68.3%, respectively. However, these factors decreased after 16 h illumination, i.e., 9.0, 30.0%, 1.7, and 34.1%, respectively. In parasitized P. nigra adults aged 20 and 21 days, the highest parasitic rate (87.0%), number of emerging parasitoids (5.6), and female progeny ratio (51.2%) of M. parasaissetiae was recorded. In comparison, in parasitized hosts aged 1 and 2 days, these factors were 33.0%, 0.9, and 46.6% respectively. This result indicates that adult P. nigra hosts aged 20 and 21 days are the most compatible for M. parasaissetiae, while those aged 1 to 2 days were not optimal. The age of female parasitoid adults represented another important factor that influences the parasitic efficiency of M. parasaissetiae. The number of parasitized host, emergence level of the offspring, and parasitic rate increased with the age of female adults (in the age range of 2-4 days), reaching 16.3, 5.2, and 81.7%, respectively, at 4 days. These values were higher than those observed at ages 2, 6, 7, and 8 days. In M. parasaissetiae females of >4 days of age, the number of parasitized hosts and parasitic rate decreased gradually. At the age of 8 days, the lowest parasitic ratio, emergence level, and number of parasitized hosts was recorded, i.e., 25.0%, 1.5, and 5, respectively. However, the ratio of female offspring was the highest (55.2%) at 5 days. Mating also significantly affected the parasitic efficacy and sex ratio of M. parasaissetiae. The parasitic rate (91.7%) and emergence (7.5) induced by mated parasitoids were greater than that by unmated parasitoids. The female ratio of mated female parasitoid offspring was 62.1%, whereas unmated females produced no female offspring. We concluded that a combination of factors are required for the optimum conditions for M. parasaissetiae, including P. nigra adults aged 20-21 days, mated female parasitoids aged 3–6 days, temperature conditions of 27 ℃, and a light : dark photoperiod of 12 : 12 h. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献