田间不同植物上烟粉虱的种群密度

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 田间不同植物上烟粉虱种群密度 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201212191828 作者: 作者单位: 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目（30930062）；国家重点研究发展计划（“973”计划）项目（2009CB119220） Population density of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae) on different plants in the field Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:对廊坊地区田间81种植物上烟粉虱的发生情况进行了系统调查。结果表明，烟粉虱可为害其中44种植物，且在不同的寄主植物上烟粉虱的种群密度有显著差异；而玉米、高粱和小米等37种植物上无烟粉虱为害。烟粉虱在香水薄荷、荆芥、甘草、薄荷、藿香、益母草、猪屎豆、白晶菊、牛膝、待宵草、蓝蓟、紫花苜蓿、极香罗勒上的虫口密度最高，危害级别达到4级（每100 cm2叶片虫口密度大于50头）。在蜀葵、向日葵和烟草上每100 cm2叶片烟粉虱虫口密度较低，但单株虫口密度较高。鉴于向日葵、玉米、高粱在中国北方棉花产区广泛种植，玉米和高粱的植株高大，且烟粉虱为害对向日葵产量影响极小，可考虑选用向日葵作为田间诱集植物，玉米和高粱作为屏障植物辅助控制棉田烟粉虱。 Abstract:The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a key agricultural pest in many regions of the world, and has been a destructive pest in China during the past two decades. B. tabaci is extremely polyphagous, feeding on hundreds of host plants, causing direct and indirect damage. Direct feeding by adults and nymphs induces physiological disorders in host plants, resulting in smaller production, shedding of leaves, and death in immature plants. The honeydew produced by the nymphs often causes stunting by promoting the growth of black sooty mold on leaves and reducing photosynthesis. However, the main damage is indirect: B. tabaci can transmit more than 100 plant viruses that damage many commercial plants. B.tabaci has distinct host plant preferences, and knowing these can serve as a basis for integrated pest management programs, especially because resistance to insecticides by B. tabaci is on the increase. Here we present the results of an exhaustive survey of host plants in Northern China. A systematic field survey was conducted on 81 plant species to investigate their suitability as host plants for B. tabaci at Langfang, Hebei Province. There were three plots for each plant, with a size of 16 m2 (4 m×4 m) for each plot, 243 plots were randomly arranged in total. Infection rate was characterised by the number of individuals per 100 cm2 leaf and number of individuals per whole leaves. A total of 37 species of the surveyed plants, including Zea mays L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. were not damaged by B.tabaci. Plant species belonging to the families Rosaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Linaceae, Cleomaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae, Asclepiadaceae (surveyed one species in these families), Polygonaceae (surveyed two species), Cruciferae (surveyed four species), Poaceae (surveyed five species) were not damaged by B. tabaci. Forty-four of the investigated plant species were suitable hosts for B. tabaci. The plants from Lamiaceae, Leguminosae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae and Malvaceae supported the higher whitefly densities than the other plant families in our survey results. Most of the surveyed species in the Lamiaceae family were damaged, and on more than 60% of these plants, the infection rate reached grade 4 (> 50 individuals per 100 cm2 leaf). Whitefly densities on these host plants varied widely. The whitefly occurred mostly on Mentha arvensis L., Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Mentha canadensis L., Leonurus japonicus Houtt, Crotalaria pallida Ait., Chrysanthemum paludosum Poir, Achyranthes bidentata Blume, Oenothera erythrosepala Borb., Echium vulgare L., Medicago sativa L. and Ocimum basilicum L.. The infection rate on these plants was grade 4 (> 50 individuals per 100 cm2 leaf). Althaea rosea (L.) Cavan, Helianthus annuus L. and Nicotiana tabacum L. had somewhat lower densities per 100 cm2 leaf, but themselves being much larger than the former host plant species, whole plants supported large whitefly populations. H. annuus, Z. may and S. bicolor are widely planted in cotton production areas in northern China, and the economic losses caused by whitefly infection on these plants was relatively low. H. annuus can potentially be used as a trap crop, while Z. may and S. bicolor can be used as barrier crops to manage whiteflies in cotton fields. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献