大平の民家とその系譜

Abstract

Ohdaira village, west of Iida city, is a lonely small village among the mountains. And it was established in 1754 as the post-town for the Ohdaira road between Iida and Tsumago. But because of poverty, all villagers had to leave there in 1970. There for, 27 houses were left abandoned. It was one of the typical phenomena in the local areas at the time of the high rate of economic growth in Japan. I have surveyed these post-townhouses since 1975. As a result, it has been found that 14 among 27 houses which were abandoned were built in 19C and there exists a certain type of regular form in the plan, the structure and the main elevation. 1) Plan The living hall with a floor fire place are surrounded on two sides by the rooms and the other two sides are fronted on the dirt floor. 2) Structure The roof is a gable which is shingle roof with load stones, and the ridge of the roof is parallel or at right angles to the front. But plan is same on both cases. 3) Main elevation The main elevation of a house is a Segai style. (The upper part of the front protrudes toward a street.) The houses at Araragi & Hirose village which adjoin Ohdaira village are very similar to the Ohdaira type. But as regards the dirt floor, it is partitioned into two parts and also in some other points, there are improvements on the Ohdaira houses. These also existsa regurality among the houses called Honmune type. (We canfind many of them at Nagano area as an old type of houses for a village head man.) There is a close relation between Honmune type and Araragi & Hirose type. That is to say, both of them have same planning core and in addition to that, it is formed by the status zone in the former, and by the post-townzone in the latter. There exists such same planning core in the many types of the old houses at South-Nagano and those types had been developed from this planning core during 250 years 17C to 20C.