基于价值评估的黄山市生境质量时空演变特征分析

Abstract

评价与分析特定区域的生境质量及其时空变化对其生态安全格局构建、可持续发展意义重大。本文以典型旅游城市黄山市为研究区，综合生态系统服务价值评价模型、基于NPP与NDVI的生境质量指数评价、InVEST生境质量评价模型、空间分析等模型与方法对黄山市1987-2017年生境质量进行研究。结果表明：（1）1987-2007年，黄山市生境质量总值持续下降，2017出现回升，但生境受到的威胁仍增加，生境最优区为北部太平湖区域，生境质量低值主要分布在各县区主城区；生境质量栅格等级变化以4等级转变为3等级为主。（2）1987-2017年，黄山市105个乡镇（街道）中有84个乡镇（街道）生境质量有所下降，主要分布在东部区域；北部环太平湖区域的乡镇为生境质量"高高"型聚集区及热点区域，屯溪区、徽州区南部、歙县、休宁县主城区的各镇为生境质量"低低"型聚集区及冷点区域。（3）黄山市城市发展对生境质量影响较大，大体上距离城市中心点越近的圈层，生境质量越差；距离黄山市旅游中心点10-20、30-40、40-50 km的3个圈层形成生境质量低值点，为旅游与城区互助发展的结果；黄山市旅游与生境质量空间分布相关性较强，旅游设施、景区核密度越高，低等级生境质量占比越高。;The evaluation and analysis of habitat quality and its spatio-temporal distribution characteristics in a specific region are of great significance in the construction of regionally ecological security pattern and sustainable development. Taking Huangshan, Anhui Province, a typical tourist city, as example, this paper analyzed the dynamic change of its habitat quality form 2007 to 2017 based on the comprehensive model and methods of ecosystem service value, habitat quality index consisting of Net Primary Productivity(NPP) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), InVEST habitat quality assessment model and spatial analysis methods. The results showed that: (1) from 1987 to 2007, the total value of habitat quality in Huangshan City continued to decline, while the total value of habitat quality rose in 2017, but the threat to habitats continued to increase. The high-quality habitat areas were the Taiping Lake in the north, but the low quality of habitats was mainly distributed in the urban areas of the counties. And the change of habitat quality grid grade was mainly from 4 grade to 3 grade in1987-2017. (2) The habitat quality of 84 out of 105 villages and towns (streets) in Huangshan City declined from 1987 to 2017, mainly in the eastern region. The areas of High-High habitat quality type clusters and hot spot areas were mainly located in the villages and towns around Taiping lake in the north of Huangshan, while the areas of Low-Low habitat quality type clusters and cold spot areas were located in and the towns of Tunxi district, Huizhou district, Shexian county, and Xiuning county. The secondary hot spot township did not appear in 2007 in the southwest mountain areas. (3) The urban development of Huangshan City had a great impact on the quality of habitat. Generally, the closer to the center of the city, the worse the habitat quality. The three circles of 10-20, 30-40, and 40-50 km away from the tourism center of Huangshan City formed the low value points of habitat quality, which was the result of the mutual development of tourism and urban areas. What is more, there was a strong correlation between tourism and habitat quality spatial distribution in Huangshan City. The higher the nuclear density of tourism facilities and scenic spots, the higher the proportion of low-grade habitat quality.