福建省安溪县土地利用时空演变规律及其关键驱动因素

Abstract

以福建省安溪县为研究边界, 选取了1999—2019年该县及所属乡镇的耕地、林地、草地、园地、水域、建设用地和未利用地等7个土地利用类型作为物种变量, 与其相关性较大的社会经济指标为环境变量, 采用典范对应分析和空间自相关等方法进行分析, 以明确安溪县和所属乡镇的土地利用时空演变特征及其关键驱动因素。研究结果表明：安溪县1999—2019年间土地利用类型变化总体上呈“三减四增”态势, 并在全局空间分布格局上呈明显的聚焦状态。全县耕地、草地和水域面积分别减少36.82%、22.91%和8.18%, 而林地、园地(主要是茶园)、建设用地和未利用地面积则分别增加了10.37%、56.39%、206.08%和90.14%。就林地面积而言, 近10年来安溪县24个乡镇中有1/3的乡镇林地呈下降趋势。其中, 祥华、大坪、虎邱、参内、福田和城厢6个乡镇林地面积减少明显。研究表明：在县域水平上, 主要土地利用类型变化, 除了受地理因素的制约外, 主要受社会经济指标和宏观政策的驱动因素调控。排位最大的前3个因素分别是社会消费品零售总额、地区生产总值和茶叶产量。在镇域水平上, 不同乡镇由于地理条件, 特别是城镇化水平和经济发展状况不同, 其土地利用策略和发展驱动力也不同, 但茶产业发展驱动仍是关键因素。根据土地利用现状与存在问题, 提出应强化土地利用科学规划与有效整治, 方可保证区域生态经济协调可持续发展。;In this study, Anxi County of Fujian Province was taken as the research boundary, 7 types of land use including the cultivated land, forest land, grassland, garden land, water bodies, and construction land as well as unutilized land in the County and its townships from 1999 to 2019 were selected as the species variables, and the socioeconomic indicators with a relatively high correlation with them were the environmental variables for this study. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of land use and its key driving factors in Anxi County and its townships were analyzed by means of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and spatial autocorrelation. The results showed that the change of land-use type in Anxi County from 1999 to 2019 generally performed a trend of three decreases and four increases, indicating a significant pattern of agglomeration in globally spatial distribution. The area of cultivated land, grassland and water bodies decreased by 36.82%, 22.91% and 8.18%, respectively, while forest land, garden land (mainly tea plantation), construction land and unutilized land increased by 10.37%, 56.39%, 206.08% and 90.14%, respectively. Forest land areas have been increased as a whole within 20a, but the changes varied from township to township. In the past decades, 1/3 of the 24 townships of Anxi County, such as Xianghua, Daping, Huqiu, Cannei, Futian and Chengxiang, showed a significant declining trend in forest land area. Further analysis showed that the changes in main types of land-use were mainly controlled by the driving factors of socioeconomic indicators and macro policies except for restriction by geographical factors in county scale. The top three factors were the total retail sales of consumer goods, the gross regional product and tea production. In township scale, different townships had different land use strategies and development drivers due to different geographical conditions, especially the level of urbanization and economic development, but the development driver of tea industry was still a key factor. Therefore, the authors suggest that it is important to strengthen the scientific planning and effective renovation of land use based on status and problems of land use, so as to ensure the coordinated and sustainable development of regional ecological economy.