付疃河流域中下游大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物学评价

Abstract

2018年12月-2019年10月对山东省日照市付疃河流域中下游大型底栖动物及相应水环境因子进行分季节的监测，并对底栖动物群落组成、多样性特征及与水质因子的相关性进行分析。结果表明，调查共采集底栖动物42种（环节动物14种、节肢动物20种、软体动物8种），广泛分布物种为霍甫水丝蚓（Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri）、水丝蚓属（Limnodrilus sp.）及摇蚊属（Chironomus sp.）；底栖动物总密度呈春季 > 冬季 > 秋季 > 夏季；CCA （Canonical Correspondence Analysis）分析表明环节动物与COD、TP有显著正相关性，各门类与NH₃-N相关性差异较大；底栖动物多样性分布特征与河流水源结构有关。采用生物多样性指标、指示物种水质生物学指标进行水质评价，Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数评级偏差，Pielou指数评级偏优，而指示物种水质生物学评价（Goodnight-Whitley指数、相对重要性指数及Wright指数）基本一致，整体平均处于中污染，评价过程仍须考虑河流及物种客观属性特征，得到更具适用性的评价管理方法。;This study investigates macrobenthos and corresponding water environmental factors seasonally in middle and lower reaches of Futuan River in Rizhao City, Shandong Province from December 2018 to October 2019, to analyze the composition and biodiversity characteristics of benthic communities and the correlation with water quality factors. The results show that 42 species of benthic animals (14 species of link animals, 20 species of arthropods, and 8 species of molluscs) are identified. The widely distributed species are Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Limnodrilus sp. and Chironomus sp. The relationship between total density of benthic animals is spring > winter > autumn > summer. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) shows a significantly positive correlation between link animals and COD and TP, as well as different correlations between each category and NH₃-N. Biodiversity distribution of benthic animals is related to the structure of river water sources. Water quality is evaluated using biodiversity indicators and water quality biological indicators of indicator species. The results show that Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef index are worse and Pielou index is better, while water quality biological indicators (Goodnight-Whitley index, Bio-pollution index and Wright index) are almost the same with the level of moderately pollution. The evaluation process should consider the objective attributes of rivers and species to obtain a more applicable evaluation management method.