麋鹿沧桑命运与未来保护展望

Abstract

麋鹿作为中国特有的鹿科动物，经历129年的保护努力，种群数量恢复到10000多头。因近亲繁殖严重，表面上看已无灭绝危险，但仍存在巨大隐忧。通过对麋鹿种群变迁、灭绝、重引入、恢复现状及四大种群（乌邦寺、南海子、大丰、石首野化种群）的发展趋势进行追踪分析，探究近千年来困扰麋鹿种群发展壮大的多重因素，提出种群保护与栖息地保护并重、强化疫病监测等保护对策，为麋鹿及其它大型陆生濒危哺乳动物突破种群发展瓶颈提供借鉴。;Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus), a unique species of deer in China, the population has recovered to more than 10000 in the world after more than 100 years of efforts. It seems that there is no danger of extinction due to the high levels of inbreeding in the population of Père David's deer, but there are still huge concerns. By analyzing the changes, extinction, and recovery of the population of Père David's deer and the development trend of four major populations (Woburn Abbey, Nanhaizi, Dafeng and Shishou), this paper explored the multiple factors that have been disturbing the development and expansion of the population of Père David's deer in the past thousand years. The protection measures, such as placing equal emphasis on population protection and habitat protection and strengthening disease monitoring, were put forward to provide reference for Père David's deer and other large terrestrial endangered mammals to break through the bottleneck of population development.