基于景观安全格局的建设用地管制分区

Abstract

旨在探索如何构建一种生态与经济发展兼顾的建设用地管制分区工作体系。以扬州市为例,选择防洪、水土保持、生物保护、乡土文化保护和游憩安全5个要素构建区域多层次综合生态安全格局,利用神经网络CA模型模拟无生态约束下的区域城镇建设用地扩展格局,将二者耦合得到优先建设区、有条件建设区、调整建设区、限制建设区和禁止建设区,并为每类管制区编制相应的管制规则。结果表明:①利用景观安全格局与城镇建设用地扩展格局耦合来进行建设用地管制区划分,优先考虑生态环境保护,再进行建设用地的安排,实现了生态与经济的双赢;②通过调整建设区的划定,为地方政府提供了新增建设用地适宜调整的区域,在建设用地管制的基础上,给予地方政府充分的自主权。;In recent years, although rapid development of industrialization and urbanization stimulated China's economic growth, uncontrolled urban expansion occupied a large number of ecological land and caused a series problems on urban ecological systems. Due to those problems are constraining China's sustainable urban system development, safeguarding the fragile urban ecological environments is becoming a central issue. Ecological security pattern can support the healthy development of natural ecosystems in a region. How to develop ecological security pattern in urban areas is increasingly important. Landscape security pattern which take interaction between landscape process and pattern as the core, can be used to build ecological security pattern for urban areas. The research area of this paper is Yangzhou that located in the middle of Jiangsu Province. After a decade of rapid urbanization process, ecological land and construction land remain contradictory in research region. Resources and environmental problems caused by unscientific planning are becoming a bottleneck which restricting the regional economy. Using Yangzhou as a case study, this paper explores how to create a practical zoning system for regulating construction land that balances ecological and economic development. The study design uses a framework of landscape security pattern theory and cellular automata theory. First, five landscape security patterns are built, for flood management, oil and water conservation, biodiversity conservation, cultural heritage protection and safeguarding recreation areas. Second, the regional urban construction land expansion pattern in the target year is simulated without ecological constraints with the aid of the neural network cellular automata model. Finally, according to the ecological protection and socio-economic development demands of the study area, regional landscape security pattern and urban construction land expansion pattern are combined to identify priority construction zones, flexible construction zones, conditional construction zones, restricted construction zones and forbidden construction zones. In the study area, the five construction zones occupied 2.88%, 4.81%, 1.05%, 90.07%, 1.19% of the total land. Control rules are established for each type of control zone based on its nature and landscape components. In priority construction zones, land development for urban construction is the priority use. In flexible construction zones, adjustment of new construction land is the priority use. In conditional construction zones, protection of farmland and establishment of green activities and local cultural experience corridors are prioritized. In restricted construction zones, the use of land for urban construction is carefully restricted, while the construction of infrastructure capable of protecting the natural and cultural landscape is encouraged. In forbidden construction zones, the focus is on protecting biological habitats and local culture, the development of construction is prohibited in principle. The results show that this practical zoning system, which values construction land over ecological land, can significantly reduce ecological pressure caused by construction and maintain the stability of urban ecological systems. Using regional landscape security patterns and urban construction land expansion patterns to divide construction land into control zones integrates ecological priorities into zoning and achieves an ecological and economic win-win. The system not only caters to present economic needs, but also supports sustainable economic development. Furthermore, flexible construction zones also give local government space to adjust new construction land. In the planning period, flexible new construction land accounted for 43.76% of all land allocated for construction. Government can freely provide new construction land in these zones according to demands. This practical system provides full autonomy to local government in construction matters and effectively combines control and self-management.