山西平朔露天矿区不同年限复垦地植被重建特征对比分析

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 山西平朔露天矿区不同年限复垦地植被重建特征对比分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202102270548 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（U1810107，41701607）；中央高校基本科研业务费项目（2-9-2018-025，2-9-2019-307） Comparative analysis of vegetation reconstruction characteristics of different years in the reclaimed land of the Pingshuo opencast mining area, Shanxi Province Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:平朔矿区是中国首个露井联采的亿t级矿区，剧烈的采煤活动导致矿区局部植被彻底损毁，植被重建是矿区生态系统恢复重建的保障，目前针对长期复垦序列下矿区复垦地植被重建特征与演替规律的研究较少。以复垦年限分别为6 a、7 a、25 a和27 a的复垦排土场和原地貌样地为研究对象，采用时空替代法和描述性统计分析法分析了不同复垦年限下复垦地的植被重建特征，并与原地貌进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：（1）植被重建工作显著提高了复垦地的物种丰富度，各复垦地乔灌植株的物种丰富度明显高于原地貌。但在重建植被演替过程中，并非随复垦年限增加，物种丰富度越来越高；复垦地Shannon-Wiener指数随复垦年限增加呈先增后减的变化趋势，该值在R-25a样地达到峰值（0.62），其与复垦地的植物物种组成及其自身生长习性、土壤条件、降水等自然条件和人为干扰等息息相关。（2）从乔木植株的生长状况来看，刺槐作为先锋树种，是植被重建时可优先选择的乔木树种。从复垦地草本植株组成来看，草本植物以多年生为主，占比77.78%；从草本植株的重要值来看，草本优势种以禾本科（Gramineae）、菊科（Compositae）和豆科（Leguminosae）为主，硬质早熟禾（Poa sphondylodes）、拂子茅（Calamagrostis epigeios）、披碱草（Elymus dahuricus）、紫苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和鹅观草（Roegneria kamoji）为明显优势种，其为复垦时优先考虑的草本物种。（3）复垦地的总地上生物量89%以上取决于乔灌地上生物量，其随复垦年限增加呈现先增后减再增的变化趋势，并且逐渐接近于原地貌。R-6a、R-7a、R-25a和R-27a样地的地上生物量分别为原地貌（OL）样地的27.55%、52.44%、36.55%和68.84%，在R-27a样地达到最大值（5.9710 kg/m2），其在一定程度上表明随复垦年限增加复垦地的植被生长状况和复垦效果逐渐变好。因此开展不同年限复垦地植被重建特征及其演替规律的研究，能够在一定程度上表征土地复垦效果，其可为该矿区或类似矿区未来进行植被重建工作时应如何选择适宜的植物物种和制定合理的植被配置模式提供一定参考，进而提升复垦地植被恢复的速度与效果。 Abstract:As the first open-pit combined mining area with 100 million ton reserves, Pingshuo mining area has suffered from severe vegetation damage due to the intensive coal mining activities. Although vegetation reconstruction is the guarantee for the restoration and reconstruction of the ecosystem in mining areas, few studies have been carried out to explore the vegetation reconstruction characteristics and succession rules of reclaimed land in mining areas under long-term reclamation sequences. The time-space substitution method and descriptive statistical analysis method were employed to analyze the vegetation reconstruction characteristics of the reclaimed land under different reclamation years (i.e. 6, 7, 25 and 27 years), the results of which were further compared with those of the original landform. The results showed that:(1) the species richness of the reclaimed land was significantly improved relative to the the original landform during vegetation reconstruction processes, the evidence of which was that the species richness of arbors and shrubs in each reclaimed land was significantly higher than that of the original landform. However, instead of a monotonous increasing tendency, the species richness tended to increase and then decrease in the process of the vegetation succession. The Shannon-Wiener index of the reclaimed land reached the peak at the R-25 a plot (0.62), which was closely associated with the composition and growth habits of plant species, natural conditions (e.g. soil conditions and precipitation) and human interference. (2) Based on the growth status of arbors, Robinia pseudoacacia was the pioneer tree species and should be preferentially adopted for vegetation reconstruction. Most of herbs (77.78%) were perennial and the evidence from herbal importance value indicated that the herbaceous species mainly comprised Gramineae, Compositae and Leguminosae were the dominant families while Poa sphondylodes, Calamagrostis epigeios, Elymus dahuricus, Medicago sativa, and Roegneria kamoj were the obviously dominant species and preferentially considered herbs in land reclamation. (3) More than 89% of the total aboveground biomass of the reclaimed land was derived from the aboveground biomass of trees and shrubs, which tended to increase, then decrease and finally increase again, and gradually approached that of the original landform with the increase of reclamation years. The aboveground biomass of R-6a, R-7a, R-25a, and R-27a accounted for 27.55%, 52.44%, 36.55%, and 68.84% of the original landform (OL) plots, and the maximum value occurred at the R-27a plot (5.9710 kg/m2), which indicated that the vegetation growth status and reclamation effect were gradually getting better after the land reclamation practice. Therefore, the study on the vegetation reconstruction characteristics and succession rules of reclaimed land in different reclamation years can reflect the effect of land reclamation to a certain extent. It can also provide a reference for how to select suitable plant species and formulate a optimal vegetation configuration model when similar mining areas need vegetation reconstruction, which can improve the speed and effect of vegetation restoration on reclaimed land. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献