わが国の国土計画における観光政策の変遷に関する一考察

Abstract

The tourism policy as an international aspect of Japan started in 1930 to acquire foreign currency at the time of the worldwide Great Depression. At the same time, the modern national development planning policy was founded. However, the two measures were not related at that time. National development policy and tourism policy became linked when the Comprehensive National Development Law was enacted after World War II. Postwar, the primary purpose of the tourism policy was again the acquisition of foreign currency. However, due to natural resource losses resulting from widespread development, there grew the necessity for national development planning. Moreover, dam development by a specific regional development created resources for tourism even though it was expected, the results would be disappointing. A national protest campaign against the development plan of the Ozegahara Dam marked the beginning of the nature conservation movement in Japan, and it became a part of the tourism policy though formation of the national park systems. Moreover, domestic tourism was assumed to be recreation in the sense of national development planning. Six national development plans focused on tourism measures as reflecting social background in each era, but these plans didn't concentrate on tourism measures. The influence of social change on population migration patterns was particularly great in the era of the third plan. Moreover, a policy to encourage Japanese to travel abroad was needed to decrease the international imbalance of payments, rather than acquire foreign currency with the economic growth of Japan. However, attracting inbound visitors became a necessary measure for regional promotion in Japan with recent globalization. Accordingly, the Tourism Agency as a promotion organization was established. In the national administration of Japan, the tourism policy is given further priority as an effective means for regional promotion with a decrease in current public works. In this paper, the author reviews the transitions of the tourism policy in past national development planning, and discusses the circumstances of the social background and other factors in each political era and their relationship to the historical tourism policy.JEL Classification: O20, R10, R11, R14, R58