基于渔获统计的太平洋岛国渔业资源开发利用现状评价

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于渔获统计的太平洋岛国渔业资源开发利用现状评价 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201410222066 作者: 作者单位: 上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海海洋大学海洋科学学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家863计划(2012AA092303); 国家发改委产业化专项(2159999); 上海市研究生教育创新计划; 上海市科技创新行动计划(12231203900); 国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD13B01); 上海海洋大学市级大学生创新项目(B-5106-13-0002) Evaluationon utilization state of marine fishery resources of Pacific Islands based on catch statistics Author: Affiliation: SHOU,Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries,Shanghai,;College of Marine Sciences of Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:全面评价渔业资源开发利用状况能够为资源的合理利用提供依据,营养指标作为以生态系统为基础的渔业管理方法与模式在近年来广泛运用于渔业管理中,用于评估捕捞活动的影响。根据联合国粮农组织FAO提供的1950-2010年太平洋岛国的渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级(Trophic level, TL)以及Sea Around Us Project数据库提供的无脊椎动物营养级,探讨了1950-2010年澳大利亚、新西兰、基里巴斯和斐济等四国的渔获物平均营养级(Mean trophic level, MTL)的变化情况,以此判定各国海洋渔业资源可持续利用情况。结果表明:澳大利亚资源状况较好,尽管其MTL在1950-1984年以0.09/10a的速度下降,但通过剔除TL低于3.25的物种,从而排除生物量受环境影响而波动较大的植食动物、腐生生物和食浮游生物动物对MTL造成的影响,观察TL大于3.25渔获物平均营养级(3.25Mean trophic level, 3.25MTL)的变化情况,其3.25MTL在1950-2010年呈波动上升趋势,说明MTL的下降是由低营养级鱼种产量的增加所引起的。新西兰海洋渔业资源遭到了一定程度的破坏,尽管其MTL自20世纪70年代中期开始大幅上升,并在1990-2010年处于高水平上稳定波动,未出现明显的下降趋势;但在不统计TL低于3.25的物种情况下,其3.25MTL经过1977-1980年的加速上升以及1981-1998年的缓慢上升,在1999-2010年稳定下降并趋于平衡。从基里巴斯和斐济整个海域的营养指标变化情况来看,两国渔业资源状况较好,但将基里巴斯和斐济渔业分为外海渔业和沿岸渔业两类时,伴随产量的持续上升,两国的外海渔业MTL均未出现明显的降低,资源处于加速开发状态;而两国的沿岸渔业MTL在近年来均出现下降,资源被过度捕捞。为促使渔业的可持续发展,各国需加强对资源的动态监测与评估,以掌握捕捞活动下资源的变化情况。 Abstract:Evaluation the exploitation state of fishery resources can provide a basis for rational utilization of resources. As an ecosystem approach to fisheries management, trophic indicators have been widely adopted to measure the impact of fishing on an exploited ecosystem. Based on the catch data provided by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, integrating with trophic level of related fish species collected from Fishbase and trophic level of invertebrate provided by Sea Around Us Project database, in order to estimate the state of fishery resources of Pacific Islands, this paper analyzed the fluctuation on mean trophic level (MTL) of Australia, New Zealand, Kiribati and Fiji from 1950 to 2010. Results showed that although a marked decreasing trend in MTL of Australia at a rate of approximately 0.09 trophic levels per decade during 1950-1984, marine fishery resources in Australia were in relatively good condition. When we compute MTL based on time-series of data that exclude trophic levels lower than 3.25 (3.25MTL) so that to eliminate herbivores, detrivores and planktivores whose biomass tends to vary widely in response to environmental factors. 3.25MTL of Australia showed rising trend from 1950 to 2010, suggesting that the decline of MTL was in fact due to the sequential addition of newly exploited species of low trophic level to the multi-species. Fishery resources in New Zealand suffered from a certain degree of overfishing. Although MTL of New Zealand increased substantially since the middle 1970s and fluctuated at high levels during the period 1990-2010, showing no clear decreasing trend. When species whose trophic level is lower than 3.25 were excluded, 3.25MTL of New Zealand first went through a rapid increasing process during the period 1977-1980 and a relatively slow rising process during the period 1981-1998, then 3.25MTL of New Zealand had fallen steadily during the period 1999-2005, and tending towards stability from 2006 to 2010. According to the trophic indicators of Kiribati and Fiji, marine fishery resources in Kiribati and Fiji had not been overfished. But when broadly split this two region's fishery resources into two main categories: offshore and coastal. With the continued rise of catch, MTL of offshore fisheries in Kiribati and Fiji did not show a significant decreasing trend, indicating that offshore resources in Kiribati and Fiji were in a state of accelerated development. However, MTL of coastal fisheries in both countries showed a decreasing trend in recent years, coastal resources in Kiribati and Fiji were in a state of overfishing. In order to promote sustainable development of fishery resources, each country should strengthen resource monitoring and stock assessment so that to better assess the dynamic change of resources under fishing activities. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献