异色瓢虫不同光环境下的交配行为

Abstract

光照条件是影响昆虫生长发育及生理行为变化的重要环境因子之一.以重要的捕食性天敌异色瓢虫为研究对象,借助动物行为自动观察系统对其在不同光照强度、光周期和光波长下的交配行为及繁殖力进行了分析研究.结果显示:(1)异色瓢虫的各交配行为和繁殖能力在有光和黑暗处理间具有显著差异;(2)异色瓢虫的求偶行为不受光照强度变化的影响,而交配持续时间及交配间隔时间在高光照强度下均显著短于低光照强度.尽管异色瓢虫的累积产卵量在不同光照强度间未见显著性差异,但是其幼虫孵化率随光照强度的增强显著降低;(3)异色瓢虫在光照时间较长的条件下表现出较高的交配求偶欲望,交配持续时间及交配间隔时间随光照时间的延长而缩短,其累积产卵量和幼虫孵化率均随光照时间的延长而显著增加;(4)不同环境颜色对异色瓢虫的求偶行为没有显著影响,但是其交配持续时间及交配间隔时间随照射光波长的增加而显著降低,雌虫的累积产卵量和幼虫孵化率均在黄色(575 nm)和绿色(510 nm)条件下最高,且显著大于其它处理.结果表明异色瓢虫的交配受光照条件影响极为显著,为进一步深入研究异色瓢虫环境适应性及提升其在生物防治中大规模饲养中的扩繁效率提供了重要的理论依据.;As one of the most important environmental factors, the light condition may influence the performance of development and physiological behavior in insect. The variation of light environment could induced many negative phenomenon, such as diapause, courtship inhibition and lower food consume. The intensive research on the light influences may promote the efficiency in massive rearing and population manipulation of the natural enemy. We focused on the key predacious natural enemy coccinellid<em> Harmonia axyridi</em>s, which has been utilized as efficacious biological control agent to suppress various arthropod herbivores at present study to reveal the influences of light intensity, photoperiod and wavelength to the copulatory behavior and fertility by using an animal behavior automatic observation monitoring system. Totally 3 illuminative factors and 17 treatments, included light intensity (600 lx、900 lx、1200 lx、1500 lx、1800 lx及2100 lx), photoperiod (light: dark=0:24、6:18、12:12、18:6 and 24:0), and light wavelength (violet (395 nm), blue (480 nm), green (510 nm), yellow (75 nm), orange (610 nm) and red (685 nm)) were set as different environment conditions respectively. By reviewing the video records, the results showed that: (1) There are significant differences of each copulatory behavior and fertility between light and dark conditions of <em>H. axyridis</em>; (2) the courtship behavior was not influenced by light intensity but showed significant shorter in high intensity (in 1800 lx and 2100 lx) of copulation and interval duration that darker conditions (600 lx and 900 lx). We also did not find some significant influences by the variation of light intensity on pre-duration of mating. The offspring hatchability decreased with the increasing of light intensity although we did not find some differences of accumulation fecundity; (3) Long photoperiod and full day-light environment may enhance the courtship frequency. The ladybird couples showed significantly shorter pre-duration of mating in full-dark and short photoperiod conditions. The copulation and interval duration decreased with the prolonging of photoperiod but showed increasing in accumulated fecundity and offspring hatchability; (4) The light wavelength did not show significant influences to the courtship of male. Similarly, all couples in all colored conditions represented no different in pre-duration of mating. The mating duration and intervals duration decreased with the increasing of light wavelength. Both accumulative fecundity and larvae hatchability were showed significant highest in yellow (575 nm) and green (510 nm) conditions than rest colored treatments. The results of present study indicated the significant influences of light variation to the mating process in <em>H. axyridis</em> and it provided theoretical values for our continuous work on the environmental fitness and enhancement of plasticity adaption in biological control processes of <em>H. axyridis</em>. It indicated high illuminative intensity, long day-light photoperiod and in moderate colored (light wavelength) conditions could benefit the predacious ladybird <em>H. axyridis</em> in both massive rearing or in inoculative releasing via augmentative biological control application in greenhouse or other agroecosystem. Our study have provided the empirical witness of the value in light manipulation in insect conservation and augmentation system.