ГЕОДИНАМІКА

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to find possible ways to use microseisms, caused by standing waves in water bodies. According to the theory, standing waves arise when two traveling waves, moving towards each other collide. The first of them falls on an obstacle and the second one reflects from it. The conditions of excitation the waves and swinging of damped waves are presented. Evidence shows that the wave pressure at the antinodes at the boundaries of the water medium separation and the soil is proportional to the wave amplitude on the water. The possibility of using standing waves in seismic exploration is confirmed by the observation data of storm microseisms at remote stations. To increase the transmission range, it is advisable to use long-period microseisms, which provide low damping. One method to reduce the risk of an earthquake involves the initiation of weak seismicity by artificial sources in order to periodically relieve excess tectonic stress. One of the most powerful sources of lithospheric deformations is the natural oscillations of the liquid level in large water bodies. The study considers the idea of using the resonance effect of tidal-seiches vibrations to initiate weak seismicity. Artificial excitation of the seiche is achieved when controlling a water culvert. Transmission network supports multiplexing of communication channels with separation by physical nature and transmission media. When managing culverts, seiches oscillations are artificially swung with phase-shift oscillations. Phase shift of the exciting wave relative to the damping wave, in turn, causes variations in seiche periods, which leads to proportional variations in the periods of microseisms. This solution allows encoding messages by the durations of seiches and microseisms, with their subsequent transmission. Hydrological observations revealed the effect of the dependence of surface seiches periods on water depth. The solution of the inverse problem, with the measured seiches period, allows calculating the water body depth. Method of remote measurement has been proposed using the analysis of ground oscillations of seiches origin. Analysis of variations in the electromagnetic radiation of the geological environment has shown that they are determined by the mechanisms of energy conversion of these processes into the energy of the electromagnetic field. The study of these variations allows us to calculate the depth of the water body. Originality. Methods for using microseismic oscillations excited by standing waves are considered in detail. The methods of managing standing waves are presented: by regulating the depth of the reservoir; by regulating the period of the exciting wave; by regulating the phase of the exciting wave. The dependence of the amplitude of the resulting oscillation of standing waves on the phase of the exciting oscillation of the same period was investigated. Innovative developments protected by patents of Ukraine are presented, which imply the economic use of microseisms caused by standing waves of water bodies. It is noted that both the necessity and the possibility for using one or another method of performing a specific task are determined by internal and external objective conditions that exist at a certain time in a certain space.