中国における工業配置と都市の成長

Abstract

In general developing country, it's considered that the growth of industry plays most important role on the national economy and go with the phenomenon of rapid urbanization which is usually caused by the removal of the labour from the rural region. However, in socialist China, the level of urbanization is still more low if compare with the industrial growth. This paper is to analyze the process of urban growth and the change of the urban hierarchy in connection with industrial allocation.The results are to be summarized as follows:1) By the open door policy propelled since 1978, the most noticeable characteristic of the natioanal economic development is that equilibrium diffusion of industry had been formed under the invesment of national public capital strongly influenced by the volition of the central government. Consequently, The industrial construction in inland has experienced more rapid growth than in coastal belt. As the same time, many large industrial city which is almost composed of mining and heavy industry appeared in inland, because of the rapid exploitation of resource and transfer of big enterprise from coastal belt under the reorgnaization of industrial allocation policy. However, in recent years, industralization and urbanization has occured more rapid in costal belt in relation with the international collaboration under the market-oriented economic policy.2) According to the rank-size rule, the urban system shows a despersional pattern in whole China, such as India or U. S. or Russia which also has both of wide state and large population. But on the the provincial level, three different types so-called despersioal, and primate, and intermediate one can be found. Commonly the type of regional urban subsystem is from the connection with the connection with the maturity of industrial development and population. In fact, the relationship between urban industrial productive and urban population is very high. It means that reasonal size policy which to restrict in-imigration from rural region is still effective.3) In the case study of Shanghai which is the primate city in China, we can find the industry has played most important role among all urban functions. However, the industrial facilities are so cluster that other urban functions are obstructeb usually, especially in the central urban zone. Moreover, the analysis about the relationship between Shanghai and peripheral cities in the viewpoint of industrial linkage will be waiting for next time.