草原生态环境损害因果关系判定路径

Abstract

近年来，随着生态环境损害鉴定评估技术指南等相关文件的陆续出台，我国的生态环境损害鉴定评估工作已逐渐向专业化、程序化、标准化的方向发展，相关作用机理、技术方法方面的研究也逐渐深入。草原是我国占地面积最大的生态系统，是生态文明建设的核心区域。然而近些年来，草原生态环境损害事件屡有发生，迫切需要依据草原生态环境损害机制与特点制定具有针对性的鉴定评估技术与方法，保障草原生态环境损害鉴定评估工作的顺利开展。以草原生态环境损害为研究对象，对其鉴定评估的重要环节——因果关系的判定进行了探讨，提出了判定的一般过程与基本思路，即损害发生的可能性分析、损害行为识别、损害路径推演、其他损害行为存在的可能性分析与不确定性阐述五个过程，同时提出了因果关系判定准则与理论依据，以期为草原生态环境损害鉴定评估工作及相关政策的制定者提供科学依据。;With the rapid growth in population and economic and social development, China's ecological and environmental damage incidents occur frequently, resulting in varying degrees of impact and damage to the structure and function of different ecosystems, which seriously threatens the safety of human life and property, natural resources and the health of ecosystem. Along with the successive releases of related technical guides and documents in recent years, identification and assessment of eco-environmental damage in China have been gradually developing towards professionalism, proceduralization and standardization, and the research on the related mechanisms and technical methods has been developing more and more sophisticated. Identification and assessment of eco-environmental damage refers to the process in which identification agencies conduct a scientific and reasonable analysis of the causal relationship between behavior of environmental damage and environmental damage, assess the scope and extent of environmental damage, and quantify the amount of ecological environmental damage. Systematic research on the theory and technical methods of identification and assessment of eco-environmental damage has important theoretical and practical significance for ensuring our country's ecological security and realizing regional sustainable development, and it is also an important aspect of promoting construction of China's ecological civilization. Grassland is the largest ecosystem in our country and the core area for construction of ecological civilization. However, grassland eco-environmental damage occurs frequently in recent years, it is necessary to formulate identification and assessment techniques and methods based on mechanisms and characteristics of the grassland eco-environmental damage. The judgement of causality is an important part of the identification and assessment of eco-environmental damage of grassland, and it is directly related to the accountability of eco-environmental damage of grassland. However, there are not many studies on the causality judgement of eco-environmental damage of grassland, and relevant systems need to be established as soon as possible to promote the further development of identification and assessment of eco-environmental damage of grassland. This article targets grassland eco-environmental damage and discusses one of its important processes of identification and assessment——causality judgement. The article puts forward the general process and basic logic of the causality judgement, which includes analysis of possibility of damage occurrence, identification of damage behavior, deduction of damage path, analysis of possibility of existence of other damage behavior and explanation of uncertainty, as well as judgement rules and theoretical basis. We hope to provide scientific basis for related work and policy makers of identification and assessment of the grassland eco-environmental damage.