国土空间生态修复国际经验借鉴与广东省实施路径

Abstract

开展国土空间生态修复是生态文明和美丽中国建设的要求，是关系国家生态安全和民生福祉的重大国家战略任务。梳理了近100年来以荒野、再野化、基于自然的解决方案、生态修复为核心的国际生态环境治理理念的发展语境，辨析概念之间的关系，阐明国际生态修复基本研究框架，并梳理国外生态修复的典型实践案例，总结国际经验。基于对广东省主要生态问题研判，从摸清家底、确定目标、谋划格局、布置行动、实施保障5个层面构建省域国土空间生态修复科学规划总体框架，并以实际问题和生态修复目标为导向，提出深入开展国土空间生态修复规划九项专题研究、生态修复技术研发、多元组织形式等策略。本文提出的广东省生态修复设计思路及实施路径，将为找准生态环境问题根源、实现靶向修复治理、促进生态文明建设提供决策支持。;Carrying out territorial ecological restoration is the requirement for ecological civilization and the construction of a beautiful China, and is an important nationally strategic task related to the ecological security and people's livelihood. This paper reviews the development context of the ecological environment governance centered on wilderness, rewilding, nature-based solutions, and ecological restoration in the past 100 years. We distinguish the relationship between concepts, clarify the basic research framework of international ecological restoration, and sort out the typical practice cases of ecological restoration abroad, and summarize the useful experience of the internationally ecological restoration. Based on analysis of the current situation of ecological and environmental problems in Guangdong Province and the international experience, this paper puts forward the general idea of scientific planning of land and space ecological restoration from five aspects:finding out the background, determining the goal, planning the pattern, arranging action, and implementing the guarantees, and puts forward nine special studies, research and development of ecological restoration technology, and multi-forms of organization and other strategies. The design idea and implementation paths of ecological restoration in Guangdong Province proposed in this paper will provide decision supports for identifying the root cause of ecological environment problems, achieving the targeted restoration and governance, and promoting the construction of ecological civilization.