中国盐碱地改良利用技术研究进展及未来趋势

Abstract

土壤盐碱化已成为世界性的难题。我国盐碱地面积大、分布广，且耕地盐碱化问题日益严重。在人口不断增加，耕地不断退化的情况下，合理改良利用盐碱地对于我国粮食和能源安全具有重大意义。本文结合多年科研工作介绍了目前用于盐碱地改良利用的技术方法，包括水利方法、物理方法、化学方法和生物学方法，分析了其效果及优缺点，重点阐述了生物学方法是改良盐碱地最经济、最有效并可持续的方法。在今后改良利用盐碱地的实践中，应因地制宜，灵活采取水利工程方法、物理方法、化学方法和生物学方法相结合的综合治理方案。 Soil salinization has become a worldwide problem. Saline-alkali landofChinais characterized by extensive distribution and large area. Moreover, the degree of soil salinization is becoming more serious in cultivated land. As the population of China increases and cultivated land is degraded, to improve and utilize saline-alkali land reasonably is of great significance and importance. This paper summarizes the application, effect and the advantage and disadvantage of techniques in improving saline-alkali land, including water conservancy measures, physical measures, chemical measures and biological measures. Biological measure is discussed in detail and considered as the most economical and effective way to improve saline-alkali land. In the future, comprehensive strategy which integrates water conservancy measures, physical measures, chemical measures and biological measures, and adjusts these measures to local conditions should be used to improve and utilize saline-alkali land.