儿童选择性信任的发展及影响因素

Abstract

信任是合作行为的基石，影响着个体社会性的决策行为，对人际关系和个体发展起到关键作用。迄今对成人信任的研究已经非常深入，但是对于儿童的信任行为研究还缺乏一定的系统性和发展性。本综述旨在整合现阶段3~12岁儿童的信任发展的研究，主要从可信性特质，可信性特质与环境的交互作用以及面孔可信性等因素对信任行为的影响进行探讨。以往研究结果一致发现儿童随着年龄的增长而更加具有社会化的信任行为。本综述试图从儿童社会认识论的角度分析儿童信任行为的发展过程。未来应关注儿童的信任判断的特点，深入探讨儿童信任行为的作用机制及干预措施，并加强本土化研究。 Trust as a basis of mutual cooperative relationships is essential to daily routine and impacts individual social decision-making behavior, relationship commitment and personality development. Past research on this topic has focused more on the trust behavior about adults. However, it is not adequate about the systematics and dynamics about children trust behavior. This review aims to integrate the research about 3 - 12 years old children so far, and explores the affective factors involved the trustworthiness traits, trust-related scenarios and strangers’ facial characters. In short, previous research consistently suggested that the children’s ability of trust judgment was improved with age and this review analyzed the development process about children’s trust judgment from the perspective of children’s social epistemology. This review attempts to analyze the development of child trust behavior from the perspective of child social epistemology. Future studies should focus on the traits of children trust judgment, explore the mechanism of trust behavior underlying the different affective factors and intervention strategies, and further increase local studies on trust behavior.