川金丝猴秦岭与岷山社群社会结构与空间分布差异性比较

Abstract

对不同地区川金丝猴社会结构和空间分布的比较有助于了解其种群与环境的相互应答关系。在秦岭山脉和岷山山脉的不同地区选取3个观察群，对比它们之间社群结构和空间分布的差异。研究结果表明，尽管同属于仰鼻猴属川金丝猴种，由于栖息地环境的不同，导致社群结构和空间分布既存在相同点又存在一定的差异。对于社会结构，扎如沟群，大坪峪群与玉皇庙群表现出同样的最高进化水平的重层社会体系；但是构成这一社会体系的基本单位一雄多雌（One-male unit，OMU），其成员整体数量上没有差异，但是OMU内雌雄比例不仅在3个观察群间存在差异，而且与同属其他物种相比也存在差异；对于空间分布，由于食物竞争压力和天敌捕食压力在不同的栖息地内影响不同，导致3个观察群空间分布呈梯度变化关系。研究结果不仅为川金丝猴种群动态，种群与环境的相互应答关系以及种群进化提供基础资料，而且希望能藉此推进我国相关领域研究的开展，为灵长类社会与行为生态学研究者启发思路，并为保护这些濒危物种提供科学依据。;The comparison analysis of social structures and spatial distributions of golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in different regions is of significance in understanding the mutual response among populations and the surrounding environments. This study observes three different groups (Dapingyu troop, Yuhuangmiao troop and Zharugou troop) of golden snub-nosed monkeys in the Qinling Mountains (altitude of 1150-2890m above sea level) and the Minshan Mountains (altitude of 1996-4764m above sea level) to compare the differences regarding the social structure and spatial distribution. The results indicate that, due to the different habitat environments, the social structure and spatial distribution show some similarities in common and exists certain differences. All three groups present features of the multi-level system regarding the social structure. The proportion of male and female within One-male unit (OMU) shows significant difference not only among three observe troops, but among other snub-nosed monkeys species as well. For spatial distribution, due to the different effects of food competition and predation pressure on natural enemies in different habitats, the spatial distribution of the three observation groups shows a gradient change relationship. This research facilitates in the current study on Rhinopithecus roxellana regarding its developments and adaptation ability to the environments. Lastly, it is expected that this research could inspire further research and guide conservation works on endangered non-human primates.