Abstract
Radioactivities of the solutions of potassium salt of different liquid thickness were measured with a thin walled cylindrical counter. It was found that the ratio of counting rate of γ to that of β depends on the sample thickness. Therefore when the sample thicknesses are much different with each other, the counting rate should not be regarded as a linear function of potassium content.In order to estimate the counting rate regardless of the liquid thickness, the following two equations were derived.A=2la∫rRx⋅exp{-μ(x-r)}arc tg⋅((r'l)/(2√x2-r'2√l2/4+x2-2'2))dx (1)N=A·ε·{-μ'(r-r')} (2)where A is the number of the particles incident on counter window, N the counting rate, r and r' the outer and inner radius of counter respectively, l its length, R the radius of cylindrical sample, a the number of disintegration rate occuring per unit volume of sample, x the distance from central axis of the counter to any point in sample, μ and μ' linear absorption coefficients of sample and wall material of counter respectively, and ε the intrinsic efficiency of counter.Counting rates thus estimated were in good agreement with the observation. With these equations the absolute radioactivity can be estimated from observed counting rate.
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