国家重点生态功能区县域环境空气质量时空变化分析

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 国家重点生态功能区县域环境空气质量时空变化分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202103300828 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0500205）；国家自然科学基金项目（41571391） Spatiotemporal analysis of environmental air quality in counties of national key ecological function areas Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:评估国家重点生态功能区县域空气质量改善状况，对落实国家生态文明建设与重点生态功能区转移支付制度具有现实意义。以国家重点生态功能区转移支付县域空气质量为评价对象，基于2015年至2019年的空气质量监测站点日均值数据，对环境空气质量状况和变化进行了评价分析。研究结果表明：国家重点生态功能区转移支付县域空气质量总体表现较好且仍在稳步提升，转移支付政策对2015-2019年国家重点功能区空气质量的改善有着明显的推动作用。优良天数比例超过90%的县域占比由2015年的33.77%提高到2019年的69.52%，水源涵养区的优良天数占比由2015年的72.71%提高到2019年的92.09%，空气质量改善效果最为显著。2015-2019年间，细颗粒物（PM2.5）污染占比明显下降，臭氧（O3）污染占比大幅上升，主要超标污染物由颗粒物逐渐转为颗粒物和臭氧。当前防风固沙区的主要超标污染物为可吸入颗粒物（PM10）和细颗粒物，其他三类生态功能区为细颗粒物和臭氧。重点生态功能区的空气质量存在着显著的空间差异，空气污染表现出显著的空间聚集特征。在四类国家重点生态功能区中，生物多样性区的空气质量最好，水源涵养区次之，水土保持区稍差，防风固沙区最差。国家重点生态功能区承担着保障国家生态安全的重要功能，今后仍需持续加强国家重点生态功能区空气质量监测力度，细化生态系统建设评估指标体系，为生态环境保护措施的有效实施和国家重点生态功能区生态环境建设的管理决策提供科学依据。 Abstract:Evaluation of the environmental air quality in counties of the national key ecological function areas is of practical significance to the implementation of the ecological civilization construction and transfer payment system for the national key ecological function areas. Took the air quality of transfer payment counties in the national key ecological function areas as the evaluation object, the status and changes of ambient air quality were evaluated and analyzed based on the daily average data of air quality monitoring stations from 2015 to 2019. The conclusion of the research indicated that the overall air quality of transfer payment counties in the national key ecological function areas was generally good and improving, transfer payment policy has a significant promoting effect on the improvement of air quality in the national key functional areas from 2015 to 2019. The proportion of counties with more than 90% good air quality days increased from 33.77% in 2015 to 69.52% in 2019, and the water conservation areas` proportion of excellent air quality days increased from 72.71% in 2015 to 92.09% in 2019, with the most significant improvement in air quality. Between 2015 and 2019, with the significantly decreased in proportion of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution, and increased in the proportion of ozone (O3) pollution, the main non-attainment pollutants were gradually changed from particulate matter to particulate matter and ozone. At present inhalable particles (PM10) and fine particulate matter were the main over standard pollutants in the sand fixation areas, and fine particulate matter and ozone were the other three types of the national key ecological function areas. There were significant spatial differences in air quality in the national key ecological function areas, and air pollution exhibited significant spatial aggregation characteristics. Among the four ecological function areas, the air quality of the biodiversity conservation areas was the best, followed by the water conservation areas, the water and soil conservation areas was slightly worse, and the sand fixation areas was the worst. The national key ecological function areas undertake the important function of guaranteeing national ecological safety. In the future, it is still necessary to continue to strengthen the air quality monitoring of the national key ecological function areas and refine the evaluation index system of ecosystem construction, so as to provide a scientific basis for the effective implementation of ecological environment protection measures and the management decision-making of ecological environment construction of the national key ecological functional areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献