四川省生物多样性与生态系统多功能性分析

Abstract

生态系统服务与人类福祉和可持续发展息息相关，近年来生物多样性丧失极大影响了生态系统服务。探究生物多样性与生态系统服务之间的关系成为当前生态学领域内的一个重大科学问题。以四川省各乡镇为单元，计算了景观尺度上的多样性指数，评估了四川省水土保持功能、水源涵养功能、固碳功能，并研究了两者之间关系。结果表明：在景观尺度上，Shannon's多样性指数、修正Simpson's多样性指数、景观丰度三种多样性指数可以较好表征四川省生物多样性空间分布格局。由景观丰度、欧式最近邻距离的标准差、景观丰度密度构成解释变量矩阵，RDA模型矫正解释率42.25%（P<0.001），可更好解释由土壤保持功能、水源涵养功能、固碳功能构成的响应变量矩阵。四川省生物多样性及生态系统服务关系的模式有以下几种：（1）成都平原区区县空间距离较近，在生态系统服务和生物多样性梯度均差异较小；（2）盆周山地区、盆地丘陵区各区县在水土保持功能梯度上差异较大，与多样性关系较弱；（3）川西高原区区县在固碳、水源涵养梯度上差异较大，并有协同关系，多样性梯度差异较大；（4）川西高山峡谷区、西南山地区区县之间生态系统服务和多样性差异较大，生态系统服务可能存在强烈权衡关系，需进一步引入解释因子。;Ecosystem services are closely linked with human well-being and global sustainable development. Biodiversity loss greatly influence ecosystem services in recent years. Exploring the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services has been a major problem in the field of ecology. In this study, we calculated biodiversity indices at the landscape scale for villages and towns in Sichuan Province, evaluated the ecosystem functions of water and soil conservation, water conservation, carbon sequestration, and simultaneously studied their interaction. The results revealed that Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI), Modified Simpson's Diversity Index(MSIDI) and Patch Richness(PR) indices could well characterize spatial pattern of biodiversity at the landscape scale. The PR, Standard Deviation of Euclidean Nearest Neighbor Distance (ENN_SD) and Patch Richness Density(PRD) indices constituted the explanatory variable matrix of Redundancy Analysis(RDA) model, interpretation rate of which was 42.25% (P <0.001), can better explain the response variable matrix consisting of the three above-mentioned ecosystem functions. Relational schema of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Sichuan Province included:1) gradient difference of ecosystem services and biodiversity was small due to counties of Chengdu Plain close in space; 2) gradient difference of water and soil conservation function was large in the mountain and hilly areas around the Sichuan Basin, also suggested a weak relationship with biodiversity; 3) gradient difference of carbon sequestration and water conservation was large in western Sichuan Plateau, which existed a collaborative relationship, and gradient difference of biodiversity was also large; and 4) ecosystem services and biodiversity difference was large in alpine canyon areas in the west and mountain areas in the southwest. It is essential to further draw into explanatory factor for strong tradeoff relationship of ecosystem services.