深圳市大气污染时空分布及其与景观格局的关系

Abstract

气溶胶和臭氧是我国大部分地区的两种主要大气污染物，对城市生态环境和人类身体健康影响严重。以深圳市为研究区，利用大气监测站点提供的监测数据和普通kriging空间插值法，从年、季、月尺度上开展近5年（2015-2019）深圳全市PM_2.5和臭氧的时空分布研究，通过皮尔逊分析和显著性检验从月尺度上分析土地覆盖类型及其景观格局对大气污染的影响。结果表明：（1）近5年内深圳市PM_2.5浓度总体呈现下降趋势，臭氧浓度则先降后升，二者季节性和月度差异显著。（2）PM_2.5和臭氧在年、季、月尺度上空间差异明显，全市PM_2.5浓度整体为西北高、东南低；臭氧浓度西北、东南较高，其余区域相对较低。（3）植被占比的增多对PM_2.5浓度有明显的抑制和调控作用，植被斑块间距离越近，对PM_2.5浓度的调控作用越明显；水体占比的增高会导致臭氧浓度增高和变化幅度增大。研究结果可为城市大气污染防治和景观格局规划管理提供参考。;Aerosols and ozone are two major atmospheric pollutants in most regions of China, which have serious impacts on the city ecological environment and human health. Taking Shenzhen as the study area, the spatial and temporal distribution of PM_2.5 and ozone in the last five years (2015-2019) were studied at annual, seasonal, and monthly scales using monitoring data provided by observation stations and the ordinary Kriging spatial interpolation method. In addition, the landcover and its landscape were analyzed at monthly scales by Pearson analysis and significance test. The results show that: (1) in the past five years, PM_2.5 concentration in Shenzhen show a general decreasing trend, while ozone concentration increase after an early decrease, they both have significant seasonal and monthly differences. (2) The spatial differences between PM_2.5 concentration and ozone concentration on the annual, seasonal and monthly scales are obvious, and the PM_2.5 concentration is overall high in the northwest and low in the southeast of Shenzhen, while ozone concentration is higher in the northwest and southeast but relatively low in the rest of Shenzhen. (3) The increase of vegetation occupancy has a significant inhibitory and regulatory effect on PM_2.5 concentration, and the closer the distance between vegetation patches, the regulatory effect on PM_2.5 concentration becomes more obvious; the increase in the proportion of water bodies may lead to higher and more variable ozone concentration. This study can provide reference for urban air pollution control and landscape pattern planning and management.