北京市湿地生态补偿标准研究

Abstract

确定合理的湿地生态补偿标准是构建有效湿地生态补偿机制的关键。以北京市境内的湿地为研究对象，利用DPSIR模型明晰北京市湿地生态补偿的机理；基于问卷调查数据，分别利用二元Logistic模型和Tobit模型对影响受调查者受偿态度和受偿意愿的相关因素进行分析；运用条件价值法以及考虑时间价值和经济社会发展阶段的修正湿地生态系统服务价值确定最终的生态补偿标准，并对北京市制定湿地生态补偿机制提出了政策建议。研究结果表明：（1）北京市合理的湿地生态补偿标准为2.728×10⁴-4.84×10⁴元hm^-2a^-1；（2）地区差异、受调查者对湿地保护政策的了解程度以及湿地与社区之间的关系显著影响其受偿态度；（3）地区差异、年龄、受教育程度、家庭收入情况、对生态补偿的了解程度显著影响其受偿意愿；（4）为减少将来推进湿地生态补偿过程中可能遭遇的潜在阻碍，北京市应该加强湿地保护相关政策的宣传普及工作，注重对基层政策落实情况的监督，协调湿地政策与社区的关系；（5）有必要结合地区特征制定差异化的湿地生态补偿标准。研究结果可为今后北京市探索建立湿地生态补偿机制、提升湿地保护效率提供科学数据和理论参考。;Determining wetland ecological compensation standard is the key to constructing effective wetland ecological compensation mechanism. Taking the wetland in Beijing as the research object, this paper analyzes the mechanism of wetland ecological compensation in Beijing by using Drive forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response model(DPSIR). Based on the questionnaire survey data, binary Logistic model and Tobit model were used to analyze the factors influencing the respondents' compensation willingness and compensation standard, respectively. Using the conditional value method and the value of the revised wetland ecosystem service considering the time value and the stage of economic and social development, the final ecological compensation standard was determined, and policy suggestions were put forward for formulating the wetland ecological compensation mechanism in Beijing. The results show that (1) the reasonable compensation standard of wetland ecology in Beijing is 2.728×10⁴-4.84×10⁴ yuan hm^-2 a^-1. (2) The regional differences, respondents' understanding of wetland protection policies and the relationship between wetlands and communities significantly affect their attitude towards compensation. (3) Regional differences, age, education, family income, and understanding of ecological compensation significantly affect their willingness to be compensated. (4) In order to reduce the potential obstacles in the process of wetland ecological compensation, Beijing should strengthen the popularization of wetland protection policies, pay attention to the implementation of the policies, and coordinate the relationship between wetland policies and communities. (5) Different wetland ecological compensation standards should be formulated according to regional characteristics. The results can provide scientific data and theoretical reference for Beijing to explore establishing wetland ecological compensation mechanism and improving wetland protection efficiency in the future.