Myxozoa in high Arctic: Survey on the central part of Svalbard archipelago.

Alena Kodádková,Iva Dyková,Oleg Ditrich,Ivan Fiala,Tomáš Tyml

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.02.001

Abstract

Zschokkella siegfriedi n. sp. from kidney of Boreogadus saida, Parvicapsula petuniae n. sp. from the urinary bladder of Gymnocanthus tricuspis, and Sinuolinea arctica n. sp. from the urinary bladder of Myoxocephalus scorpius. We characterise Latyspora-like organism from kidney of Clupea harengus. We provide new data for Ceratomyxa porrecta, Myxidium gadi, Myxidium finnmarchicum, Schulmania aenigmatosa, and Parvicapsula irregularis comb. nov. The phylogenetic analyses including the newly obtained SSU and LSU rDNA data revealed that most of the species studied cluster in the marine urinary clade within the marine myxosporean lineage. Newly obtained sequences including the first molecular data for the member of the genus Schulmania, substantially enriched the Zschokkella subclade. C. porrecta and the two Myxidium species cluster within the Ceratomyxa and marine Myxidium clade, respectively. Newly described species, Z. siegfriedi n. sp., was revealed to be morphologically indistinguishable but genetically diverse from Zschokkella hildae known from numerous gadid fish. Therefore, we consider Z. siegfriedi to be a cryptic myxosporean species that might be misidentified with Z. hildae. A Latyspora-like organism was found to be taxonomically problematic due to its suture line and its distant phylogenetic position from the type species Latyspora scomberomori did not allow us to assign it to the genus Latyspora. Based on an increased taxon sampling and SSU+LSU rDNA-based phylogeny, evolutionary trends within the marine urinary clade are investigated.

Highlights

Arctic ecosystems draw our attention due to their rapid responses to climate change (Post et al, 2009)
A total of five (i.e. M. scorpius, G. tricuspis, C. harengus, B. saida, H. platessoides) out of eight fish species were positive for the presence of Myxozoa (Table 1). 18% out of all dissected fishes were infected by Myxosporea
The highest prevalence of myxosporean infection was observed in H. platessoides and B. saida (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Arctic ecosystems draw our attention due to their rapid responses to climate change (Post et al, 2009). The Arctic region can be defined as north of the Arctic Circle, and consists the Arctic Ocean, northern part of Eurasia and North America, Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard archipelago etc. The Arctic can be divided into the Low Arctic and High Arctic, according to various environmental and biological characteristics. The Svalbard archipelago is located in the High Arctic. The Arctic Ocean is the most extreme ocean in regard to the seasonality of light and its seasonally fluctuating.

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Discussion

Conclusion