Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma is a common sarcoma in the extremities, but is rare in the head and neck region. Here, we report a case of 76 year old female patient in whom myxofibrosarcoma generated from the thyroid. The tumor was characterized by spindle cell proliferation with low to moderate cellular density in myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed positive reactivity for vimentin and actin, but negative staining for S-100, CK and desmin. Tumor cells showed low proliferative activity as demonstrates by low Ki-67 labelling index (5%). The tumor was diagnosed as a low-grade myxofibrosarcoma. Despite the suboptimal general conditions of the patient, yet, surgery was the sole treatment of her and was successfully done. Adjuvant radiotherapy was indicated due to close circumferential margin. Myxofibrosarcoma is a very rare tumor in the head and neck region, and morphology beside immunohistochemistry is powerful tools to establish the diagnosis. Surgery is the main line of treatment followed by adjuvant radiotherapy to improve patient's survival.
Highlights
The majority of malignant thyroid neoplasms are carcinomas, followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but sarcomas are very rare with few countable cases all over the world
Head and neck localization of Myxofibrosarcoma is extremely rare and up to our knowledge, this is the second case of thyroid myxofibrosarcoma in Africa after the case diagnosed from Côted'Ivoire14
Presence of nodular growth pattern populated by proliferating malignant spindle cells with moderate pleomorphism and lying within myxoid stroma with varying degree of cellularity and harbouring the characteristic curvilinear blood vessels raise the possibility of MFS
Summary
The majority of malignant thyroid neoplasms are carcinomas (papillary, follicular and medullary), followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but sarcomas are very rare with few countable cases all over the world. Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is malignant fibroblastic tumor with variable myxoid stroma, cellular pleomorphism and curvilinear vascular pattern. The majority of these tumors arise in limbs but rarely in the trunk, head and neck, hands, and feet [1].
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