Abstract
ABSTRACTHydrodynamic performance of the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, is studied with time-resolved particle image velocimetry. We evaluated inhalant flow, exhalant jet flow, suction performance and flow control capabilities of the mussels quantitatively. Inhalant flow structures of mussels are measured at the coronal plane for the first time in literature. Nutrient fluid is convected into the mussel by three-dimensional sink flow. Inhalant velocity reaches its highest magnitude inside the mussel mantle while it is accelerating outward from the mussels. We calculated pressure gradient at the coronal plane. As inhalant flow approaches the mussel shell tip, suction force generated by the inhalant flow increases and becomes significant at the shell tip. Likewise, exhalant jet flow regimes were studied for 17 mussels. Mussels can control their exhalant jet flow structure from a single potential core region to double potential core region or vice versa. Peak exhalant jet velocity generated by the mussels changes between 2.77 cm s−1 and 11.1 cm s−1 as a function of mussel cavity volume. Measurements of hydrodynamic dissipation at the sagittal plane revealed no interaction between the inhalant and exhalant jet flow, indicating energy-efficient synchronized pumping mechanism. This efficient pumping mechanism is associated with the flow-turning angle between inhalant and exhalant jet flows, ∼90° (s.d. 12°).
Highlights
Suspension-feeding bivalves filter large volumes of water very efficiently through a variety of biological pumping and feeding characteristics (Jørgensen, 1955, 1982, 1966; Wright et al, 1982; Meyhöfer, 1985; Riisgård and Larsen, 1995, 2000, 2001; Riisgård et al, 2015)
In our experiments we minimized the out-of-plane flow velocity component by coinciding the coronal plane with the inhalant flow region which is closest to the posteriordorsal direction side of mussel
This is a typical approach to present complex 3D flow structures and sufficient to understand the present flow regime
Summary
Suspension-feeding bivalves filter large volumes of water very efficiently through a variety of biological pumping and feeding characteristics (Jørgensen, 1955, 1982, 1966; Wright et al, 1982; Meyhöfer, 1985; Riisgård and Larsen, 1995, 2000, 2001; Riisgård et al, 2015). Among many alternative pumping configurations employed by the bivalves, mussels are classified as ‘hydrodynamic pumps’ due to their organized ciliary network and synchronized microscopic beating patterns (Bach et al, 2015). The low Reynolds (Re) number particle retention mechanism of Mytilus edulis (blue mussel) is shown to be critical for internal flow performance (Jørgensen, 1983; Nielsen et al, 1993). Ciliary structures of mussel gills have an important biological function, which is to generate flow circulation inside the mussel cavity. Propulsion characteristics of Mechanical Engineering Department, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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