Myths Surrounding Albinism and Struggles of Persons with Albinism to Achieve Human Rights in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Abstract

Persons with albinism (PWA) in Yaounde, Cameroon are reported to experience stigma, discrimination and violation of their human rights based primarily on their lack of pigmentation in their skin, eyes and hair. This study explores the challenges faced by persons with albinism, with particular reference to their knowledge of albinism, social and health issues and support. This qualitative research study recruited persons with albinism through a non-probability sampling technique in the city of Yaounde, capital city of Cameroon. Data were collected through three focus group discussions with 19 persons (13 women and 6 men, adults) with albinism and thematic content analysis was employed to analyze responses. Almost all participants revealed societal discrimination, stigmatization, human rights violations, and some reported frustration due to injustice, rejection and superstitions. All the participants had visual problems and 12 had skin diseases. These conditions were inadequately managed due to lack of care, rejection by others, superstition and limited financial resources. The majority of participants had a good understanding of albinism. This study urges social work interventions such as support groups for persons with albinism and their families; educational awareness programmes; and advocacy for the rights of persons with albinism to healthcare, education and employment opportunities, and to demystify all myths and cultural beliefs surrounding albinism.