Abstract
Multicellular keratinous tubercles in the form of breeding tubercles (BTs) under a perplex variety of other terms have long been known in the Ichthyology write-ups. These tubercles in fish are most often found on the head, rostral cap or snout, around the eyes, operculum, on the rays of the pectoral fins, pelvic fins, and even they are arranged in fine patterns on scales usually be confused with unicellular and multicellular non-BTs as there is no much variation in the appearance of BTs and non-BTs morphology. Variety of non-BTs have different purposes like minute tubercles may even used for observations of larval development in some fish and most commonly the tubercles which are non-breeding help to understand the functional significance in relation to mechanical protection, friction and adhesion.
Highlights
Sykes [1] was one of the first workers to describe and figure tubercles on Indian minnows in five new species that he placed in Cyprinus, Varicorhinus, and Barbus
Roberts [9] described horny projections arising from single epidermal cells as unculi; Egami & Nambu [10] stated that innervations of fin rays bearing tubercles of male Oryzias latipes was greater than that in fin rays of females, which lack tubercles
Roberts [24] had various family observations on breeding tubercles (BTs) such as Gyrinocheilidae is rheophilic bottom-dwelling family, adults of genus Gyrinocheilus develop multicellular BTs on the snout and head which are sometimes better developed in females than in males; Catostomidae is predominantly bottom-dwelling cyprinoid family comprises large BTs on the head, body, and fins of sexually mature adults; small multicellular BTs occur on the head and on the dorsal surface of the pectoral fin in Psilorhynchus sucatio and P. balitora; mature males of genus Barilius, family Cyprinidae exhibit extensive development of multicellular BTs on the head, spawning behaviour of Barilius bendelisis is unknown
Summary
Sri Agrasen Kanya PG College, India Submission: December 22, 2017; Published: April 09, 2018 *Corresponding author: Pinky Tripathi, Sri Agrasen Kanya PG College, Bulanala, Varanasi-221002, India, Email: Abstract. Multicellular keratinous tubercles in the form of breeding tubercles (BTs) under a perplex variety of other terms have long been known in the Ichthyology write-ups. There is absence of very clear evidence about the exact biological and evolutionary significance of BTs, there are many possibilities. They may be significant for protection against injury, weapons in intense pre-spawning behaviour or stimulators during spawning, an indicator of health or dominance. Abbreviations : BTs: Breeding Tubercles; LM: Light Microscope; SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope
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