Myristicin Suppresses Gastric Cancer Growth via Targeting the EGFR/ ERK Signaling Pathway.

Abstract

Myristicin is a type of natural compound showing anti-proliferative, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its role in gastric cancer treatment remains unknown. In this study, the effect of myristicin on gastric cancer as well as its underlying mechanism was investigated. Human gastric cancer cells were exposed to various concentrations of myristicin (0, 7.8125, 15.625, and 31.25 μM) for 48 h. Then CCK-8, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and Hoechst staining were performed to evaluate the cell proliferation and apoptosis. The levels of proteins associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and EGFR/ERK signaling pathway were detected by western blot. JC-1 staining was conducted to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential. On the other hand, the effect of myristicin on gastric cancer growth and apoptosis was also determined in vivo. Myristicin retarded proliferation and induced ER stress and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, with decreased expression of cyclins, increased Bax expression, activated caspases, and enhanced cytochrome C release and mitochondrial ROS. Furthermore, the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway was restrained by myristicin. In addition, EGFR over-expression abolished the inhibitory function of myristicin on proliferation, apoptosis, and ER stress. Also, myristicin inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells as well as the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway in vivo. Myristicin exerts an anti-cancer effect on gastric cancer cells by restraining the EGFR/ ERK signaling pathway. It may have the potential to be applied as a novel drug in gastric cancer treatment.