Myorelaxant Effect of the Dysphania ambrosioides Essential Oil on Sus scrofa domesticus Coronary Artery and Its Toxicity in the Drosophila melanogaster Model.

Luiz Jardelino De Lacerda Neto,José Galberto Martins Da Costa,Francisco Assis Bezerra Da Cunha,Roger Henrique Sousa Da Costa,Fernanda Maria Silva,Andreza Guedes Barbosa Ramos,Radosław Kowalski,Roseli Barbosa,Luís Pereira-De-Morais,Joanna Hawlena,Renata Evaristo Rodrigues Da Silva,Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho,Grażyna Kowalska,Lindaiane Bezerra Rodrigues Dantas

doi:10.3390/molecules26072041

Luiz Jardelino De Lacerda Neto, José Galberto Martins Da Costa + Show 12 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072041

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Abstract

Purpose: Alternative methods for the use of animals in research have gained increasing importance, due to assessments evaluating the real need for their use and the development of legislation that regulates the subject. The principle of the 3R’s (replacement, reduction and refinement) has been an important reference, such that in vitro, ex vivo and cord replacement methods have achieved a prominent place in research. Methods: Therefore, due to successful results from studies developed with these methods, the present study aimed to evaluate the myorelaxant effect of the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil (EODa) using a Sus scrofa domesticus coronary artery model, and the toxicity of both the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil and its major constituent, α-terpinene, against Drosophila melanogaster in toxicity and negative geotaxis assays. Results: The EODa relaxed the smooth muscle of swine coronary arteries precontracted with K+ and 5-HT in assays using Sus scrofa domesticus coronary arteries. The toxicity results presented LC50 values of 1.546 mg/mL and 2.282 mg/mL for the EODa and α-terpinene, respectively, thus showing the EODa and α-terpinene presented toxicity to these dipterans, with the EODa being more toxic. Conclusions: Moreover, the results reveal the possibility of using the EODa in vascular disease studies since it promoted the relaxation of the Sus scrofa domesticus coronary smooth muscle.

Highlights

This study aimed to evaluate the myorelaxant activity of the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil (EODa) in an ex vivo Sus scrofa domesticus coronary model, as well as to verify the toxic concentrations
Increasing concentrations of the EODa promoted a concent4roaft1i7on-dependent relaxation, where its significant effects were observed from the 300 μg/mL concentration (p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak) (Figure 2)
The Dysphania ambrosioides (L.), Mosyakin and Clemants, botanical material was collected from the Botanical Garden of the Natural Products Research Laboratory (Horto Botânico do Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais—LPPN), at the Regional University of Cariri (Universidade Regional do Cariri—URCA, Crato, Brazil)

Summary

Introduction

The use of animals in essential research has been constantly questioned in terms of the principles of the 3R’s (replacement, reduction and refinement), creating the need for reflection in the number of animals used in research (reduction), the possibility of replacing vertebrate animals with invertebrates, embryos, microorganisms, organs or isolated tissues, in addition to guaranteeing the quality of experiments (refinement), where this principle underscores training for the correct use of animal handling techniques, aseptic techniques in surgical procedures, correct dose administrations and other recommendations for carrying out high quality experiments [1].The replacement of animals by in vitro and ex vivo methodologies efficiently promotes one of the R’s, avoiding the use of animals in assays, with the ability to clarify the toxic potential or the effectiveness of a substance or product under analysis [2]. In the 1990s, in vitro methodologies were practically unused to verify toxicity and efficacy, in the early 2000s a great growth in the use of this methodology to assess genotoxicity, pharmaceutical safety and pharmacokinetic assays was seen [3]. Another alternative method that is worth noting is the replacement of vertebrate animals by invertebrate ones in assays, which permit Parkinson’s disease, memory, endocrine, diabetes and toxicological assays to be studied. The search for new agents that are effective in the control of vectors, explore options that are economically viable, with lower environmental pollution and lower toxicity to non-target organisms, including humans [4]

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