Myogenic Regulator Genes Responsible For Muscle Development in Farm Animals

Abstract

Farm animals especially poultry species play important roles in meeting the worldwide demand for meat and are genetically improved to increase the efficiency of meat production. Improving muscle growth and development is crucial to meet customers' demands for high-quality meat. Myogenesis, fibrogenesis, and adipogenesis are components of fetal skeletal muscle formation. Myogenesis is controlled by a complex network of intrinsic and extrinsic components, usually divided into two or three stages and regulated by kinase-encoding genes and myogenic regulatory factor genes. The basic family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors, which includes MYF5, MYOD, myogenin, and MRF4, regulates the specification and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells throughout embryogenesis and postnatal myogenesis. With the discovery of the myogenic regulatory factor family, which includes the transcription factors MYF5, MYOD, Myogenin, and MRF4, it has become possible to determine the skeletal muscle lineage and understand the regulation of myogenic differentiation during development. These elements also play a role in determining the muscle satellite cell lineage that develops into the resident stem cell compartment in adult skeletal muscle. Although MYF5, MYOD, Myogenin and MRF4 play minor roles in mature muscle, they once again play an important role in directing satellite cell activity to regenerate skeletal muscle, linking the genetic regulation of development and regeneration myogenesis. An important step towards the goal of increasing meat yield and improving meat quality is the understanding and identification of these genes. This in-depth analysis discusses the function of myogenic regulatory factors in the specification of satellite cells, maturation and regeneration of skeletal muscle.