Myocardial injury and related mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the Omicron pandemic: new perspectives and insights

Abstract

Myocardial injury is one of the most common comorbidity in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, and has poor prognosis. However, the incidence of myocardial injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been sufficiently investigated during the Omicron wave. We conducted a retrospective study of 2690 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection from Tongji Hospital. The results indicated that the myocardial injury accounted for 30.8% of the total patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and was associated with higher in-hospital mortality than those without injury before and after propensity score matching (PSM) [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 10.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.76–14.51; P ​< ​0.001; adjusted HR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.86–3.93; P ​< ​0.001; respectively]. Further, the levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) in patients with myocardial injury were higher than those without injury, and the higher levels of cytokines in the myocardial injury group were associated with increased mortality. Administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) could significantly reduce the mortality in patients with myocardial injury (adjusted HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.38–0.71; P ​< ​0.001). Additionally, the level of angiotensin II increased in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was even higher in myocardial injury group compared to those without injury. Collectively, the study summarized the clinical characteristic and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with myocardial injury during the Omicron wave in China, and validated the protective role of ACEI/ARB in improving the survival of those with myocardial injury.