Myocardial infarction at a young age: risk factors, clinical presentation, features of management in the hospital

Abstract

Aim: to study the risk factors, clinical peculiarities, diagnosis and treatment of young patients with myocardial infarction (≤ 44 years).Material and methods. The research included 189 patients, who had MI in the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 at the age of ≤ 44; 92.1% of patients were men. The average age of all patients was 41,2 (37.3; 43.6).Results. Most frequent risk factors for the development of MI were: smoking — in 77.8%, essential hypertension — in 73.5%, burdened inheritance — in 49.2%, obesity — in 39.7% and pancreatic diabetes — in 10.6% of all cases. ST segment elevation was registered on the electrocardiogram in 87,8% of patients; 4.2% of them had only thrombolytic therapy; thrombolytic therapy was followed by coronarography with the intention of performing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 30.7% of cases; coronarography with the intention of performing primary PCI was applied to 54.2% of patients. PCI was performed in 76.5% of patients. 12.2% of patients had acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation, and 95.7% of them had coronarography with the intention of performing percutaneous coronary intervention. PCI was performed in 73.9% of patients. Assignment frequency of beta-adrenergic blocking agent prescription was 95,2% (178 out of 187), аngiotensin-convertingenzyme inhibitors and sartans — 95.2% (178 out of 187), statins — 99.5% (188 of 189), dual antiplatelet therapy — 99.5% (188 out of 189), mineral corticoid receptor antagonists with ejection fraction of left ventricle of heart ≤ 40% — 28.6% (2 of 7).Conclusion. The conducted research aims at the discussion of the vital topic of young patients with myocardial infarction management. It focuses on risk factors, clinical and angiographic presentation, and secondary prevention.