Myocardial infarction and cardiac complications in emergency department patients admitted to the intensive care unit with gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Abstract

Patients admitted with significant gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH) often experience in-hospital cardiac complications. This retrospective study examined 68 patients admitted from the Emergency Department to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) over a 1-year period. The patients were 75% Caucasian, 60% male, with a mean age of 57 ± 19 years. Medical co-morbidity was noted in 70%, and 54% of patients had a history of significant alcohol use. A systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg was present in 26%, hemoglobin < 7 mg/dL in 32%, and three patients (4%) expired. Death, acute myocardial infarction or other cardiac complications were noted in 32% of patients. Patients older than 60 years were three times more likely to have a complicated course than were younger patients, and those with a co-morbidity were 14.8 times more likely. Patients with a history of significant alcohol use were 31% less likely to have an inpatient complication than those without such a history. Regression analysis supported the protective effect of a history of significant alcohol use and also demonstrated that a history of peptic ulcer disease was predictive of inpatient complications. Older GIH patients and those with co-morbidities may benefit from ICU disposition given their greater risk. Younger patients presenting with hematemesis and a history of significant alcohol use tended to have fewer complications such that it may be possible to manage these patients outside of the ICU if hemodynamically stable.