Myocardial effects of a low-protein diet in experimental kidney dysfunction

Abstract

THE AIM: to evaluate the effect of low protein diet supplemented with ketosteril on morphological and epigenomic changes in the myocardium of Wistar rats with simulated kidney dysfunction . MATERIALS AND METHODS. The work was performed on male Wistar rats subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy (NE). The first group after NE received a standard diet (20.16% animal protein ), the second – low protein diet (LPD), including 10% ketosteril . Control rats received a standard diet . After 4 months , blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were assessed in rats , and a histological examination of the myocardium was performed . In the myocardium , the relative expression levels of NF- kB , miRNA-21, miRNA-133, and miRNA-203 were determined . RESULTS. After 4 months in rats with NE on a standard diet , an increase in blood pressure , an increase in the mass index of the LV myocardium was recorded . MBD with the inclusion of 10% Ketosteril slowed down the growth of systolic blood pressure and the development of LV myocardial hypertrophy in rats with kidney dysfunction . At the histological level , the use of LPD provided a decrease in the degree of hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and degenerative changes in cardiomyocytes . Animals treated with LPD had less pronounced diffuse and perivascular fibrosis compared with animals fed normal food . The use of MBD slowed down the increase in the relative level of expression of the NFκB gene and miRNA-21 in the myocardium of rats with NE and promoted an increase in the expression level of miRNA-133 and miRNA-203 compared to the indices of animals with NE that received standard food . CONCLUSION: long-term use of LPD with the use of ketoanalogues of essential amino acids can have a potential cardioprotective effect in CKD, slowing down the growth of blood pressure , an increase in LV myocardial mass and the formation of structural changes in the myocardium . It is possible that a decrease in the expression of NF- kB and miRNA-21, as well as an increase in the expression of miRNA-203 and 133 in the myocardium , can play a significant role in this .