Myocardial blood flow parameters derived from contrast replenishment using harmonic power doppler imaging are underestimated by ultrasound signal attenuation

Abstract

The effect of ultrasound signal attenuation on myocardial blood flow parameters derived from contrast replenishment was evaluated using harmonic gray-scale (HGS) and harmonic power Doppler (HPD) imaging. In vitro experiments were performed in a flow model, whereas in vivo experiments were performed in 5 open-chest dogs. In each study, intermittent HGS and HPD images were acquired at various pulsing intervals during contrast infusion. A silicone pad was interposed between the transducer and target region to simulate attenuation conditions. Baseline-subtracted HGS and HPD signal intensities were measured with and without silicone pad, and myocardial blood flow parameters A and β were calculated using contrast replenishment. Attenuation with HGS images could be offset by baseline subtraction, as baseline images provided the reference for attenuation. However, attenuation with HPD images could not be compensated for, as baseline signal intensity was theoretically 0. In HGS mode, silicone attenuation produced no significant decreases in A and β. In HPD mode, however, A and β were significantly decreased by silicone attenuation (A, P < .001; β, P < .05). Compared with nonattenuated regions, myocardial blood flow parameters in attenuated regions are underestimated when HPD imaging is used. Baseline-subtracted HGS imaging may be useful to compensate for thoracic wall attenuation.