Abstract

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) technique for mapping regional myocardial blood flow. It does not require any contrast agents, is compatible with stress testing, and can be performed repeatedly or even continuously. ASL-CMR has been performed with great success in small-animals, but sensitivity to date has been poor in large animals and humans and remains an active area of research. This review paper summarizes the development of ASL-CMR techniques, current state-of-the-art imaging methods, the latest findings from pre-clinical and clinical studies, and future directions. We also explain how successful developments in brain ASL and small-animal ASL-CMR have helped to inform developments in large animal and human ASL-CMR.

Highlights

  • Arterial spin labeling is a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) technique for quantifying tissue blood flow, non-invasively and without contrast agents [1, 2]

  • For Arterial spin labeling (ASL)-CMR in the rodent heart, the short blood traveling times and high capillary blood flow are beneficial, since the signal used for quantification is directly proportional to myocardial blood flow (MBF)

  • The authors found lower standard deviations within myocardial regions of interest on the perfusion maps than with the well-established LLFAIRGE technique, while absolute quantification of MBF led to similar values

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Summary

Introduction

Arterial spin labeling is a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) technique for quantifying tissue blood flow, non-invasively and without contrast agents [1, 2]. For ASL-CMR in the rodent heart, the short blood traveling times and high capillary blood flow are beneficial, since the signal used for quantification is directly proportional to MBF.

Results
Conclusion

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