Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that accumulate during pathological conditions such as cancer and are associated with a poor clinical outcome. MDSC expansion hampers the host anti-tumor immune response by inhibition of T cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and recruitment of regulatory T cells. In addition, MDSC exert non-immunological functions including the promotion of angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Recent years, MDSC are considered as a potential target in solid tumors and hematological malignancies to enhance the effects of currently used immune modulating agents. This review focuses on the characteristics, distribution, functions, cell–cell interactions, and targeting of MDSC in hematological malignancies including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia.
Highlights
It has been widely accepted that the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment becomes immunosuppressive and plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression [1, 2]
This review focuses on the characteristics, distribution, functions, cell–cell interactions, and targeting of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in hematological malignancies including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia
MDSC are generally defined as a heterogeneous cell population that arises from myeloid progenitor cells in the BM
Summary
It has been widely accepted that the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment becomes immunosuppressive and plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression [1, 2]. MDSC inhibit innate and adaptive immunity by regulatory T cell activation and secretion of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immunosuppressive cytokines (e.g., IL-10) [6, 17]. They affect the immune system and promote tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis. MDSC IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic plasma cells in the BM and the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulins in the blood and/or urine Clinical features of this disease include anemia, bone pain, renal failure, frequent occurrence of infections, and hypercalcemia [27].
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