Abstract
Background: Extramedullary proliferation of cells of myeloid origin is termed as myeloid sarcoma. About 3-8% cases of AML present with myeloid sarcoma. Methods: A 10 year old child with proptosis was investigated and found to have mass in left supralateral region of left orbit. Enucleation of the eye was done and sent for histopathology along with the mass. Results: Histopathology showed sheets of round tumor cells positive for CD 43, LCA and C- Kit. Peripheral smear examination showed >20% blasts. Conclusion: A diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma in a case of acute myelogenous leukemia was given.
Highlights
Extramedullary proliferation of cells of myeloid origin is termed as myeloid sarcoma
In this report of our case, a male child presented with proptosis without any prior history of leukaemia and was diagnosed as a case AML later during the haematological investigations on a peripheral blood smear
Histopathology revealed an infiltrating tumor comprised of sheets of round cells of intermediate to large size with scant cytoplasm having pleomorphic nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli with irregular nuclear membranes and convolutions
Summary
Extramedullary proliferation of cells of myeloid origin is termed as myeloid sarcoma. Rappaport [4] in 1966 renamed this tumor as myeloid sarcoma [2]. A mean interval of 10.5 months has been observed for the development of leukaemia in non leukemic cases from the time of diagnosis [5]. The sites most commonly involved by this tumor include bones especially skull, orbit, paranasal sinuses, spine, ribs, sacrum and sternum [6]. About 3-8% cases of AML present with myeloid sarcoma [2,3,8] especially AML M2 [6].
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