Abstract
The suppression of the immune system creates a permissive environment for development and progression of cancer. One population of immunosuppressive cells that have become the focus of intense study is myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), immature myeloid cells able to induce immune-escape, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. Two different subpopulations have been identified and studied: granulocytic and monocytic MDSCs, with a different immunophenotype and immunosuppressive properties. Recently, an accumulation of both Gr-MDSCs and Mo-MDSCs cells has been found in the peripheral blood of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. They are part of the tumor clone showing BCR/ABL expression. Imatinib therapy decreases both MDSCs and arginase 1 levels to normal ones. This review will focus on actual knowledge for human MDSCs and their immunosuppressive activity in CML patients, with a critical attention to comparison of Gr-MDSCs and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). We will then suggest the monitoring of MDSCs in patients who have discontinued tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy to evaluate if their increase could correlate with disease relapse.
Highlights
The research on myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) has become the focus of intense study in recent years
Analyzing by flow cytometry the percentage of MDSCs cells identified as CD11b+CD33+CD14-HLADR-(GrMDSCs) and CD14+HLADR-(Mo-MDSCs), we discovered that both subpopulations were significantly increased in patients at diagnosis compared to healthy subjects and decreased to normal levels after Imatinib therapy
Despite the low percentage of immature myeloid cells (IMCs) identified as CD11b+CD33+CD14HLADR-CD34+ cells, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Gr-MDSCs are more immature cells compared to autologous polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), and showed lower levels of expression of CD11b, CD15, and CD16, and lower Arg1 expression and activity [6]
Summary
One population of immunosuppressive cells that have become the focus of intense study is myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), immature myeloid cells able to induce immune-escape, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. An accumulation of both Gr-MDSCs and Mo-MDSCs cells has been found in the peripheral blood of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. They are part of the tumor clone showing BCR/ABL expression. Imatinib therapy decreases both MDSCs and arginase 1 levels to normal ones. This review will focus on actual knowledge for human MDSCs and their immunosuppressive activity in CML patients, with a critical attention to comparison of Gr-MDSCs and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs).
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