Abstract
The diversity of mycobiota associated with grapevine in Vrbove, Slovakia at the harvest time in 2018 was evaluated. Fourteen samples of grapes were analyzed by plating methods and by plating methods with surface disinfection. The identification of fungi was performed using the morphological and microscopical characteristics. From the 1001 strains detected and identified from exogenous mycobiota, the most frequent genera were Alternaria, Rhizopus and Sordaria. Their relative density was low, except Alternaria. The most frequently encountered moulds and with the highest relative density from endogenous mycobiota were Alternaria, Cladosporium and Penicillium. Most of all genera had relative density less than 1%. Penicillium contributed small proportion in both sources. Penicillium citrinum was the most dominant species in exogenous and endogenous mycobiota. Penicillium expansum and P. glabrum were recorded in exogenous source and P. hordei, P. chrysogenum and P. griseofulvum in endogenous. Potentially toxigenic Penicillium species were tested for their toxigenic ability by thin layer chromatography method. Out of 15 tested isolates representing five potentially toxigenic species 11 produced at least one mycotoxin. Positive toxinogenity was detected in all tested strains of Penicillim citrinum (9/9).
Highlights
Fresh grapes are prone to fungal contamination in the fields, during harvesting, transporting, marketing and during storage under domestic conditions
Penicillium expansum and P. glabrum were recorded in exogenous source and P. hordei, P. chrysogenum and P. griseofulvum in endogenous
Mycotoxins analysis A total of 15 different isolates of filamentous fungi from different samples belonging to Penicillium spp. were examined for their ability on mycotoxins production by thin layer chromatography (TLC) according to Samson et al (2002b), modified by Labuda and Tančinová (2006)
Summary
Fresh grapes are prone to fungal contamination in the fields, during harvesting, transporting, marketing and during storage under domestic conditions. Young vineyards are great advantage because they had the opportunity to choose many varieties according to the climate, soil type, and their own experience so that they could obtain a high-quality raw material for the production of unique wines They planted old varieties that were grown in Vrbove in the past, for example Green Veltliner, Müller Thurgau, Sauvignon, and modern varieties such as Pálava, Cabernet Sauvignon and Alibernet. Mycotoxins analysis A total of 15 different isolates of filamentous fungi from different samples belonging to Penicillium spp. were examined for their ability on mycotoxins production by thin layer chromatography (TLC) according to Samson et al (2002b), modified by Labuda and Tančinová (2006).
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