Abstract
The removal of mycotoxins from contaminated feed using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been proposed as an inexpensive, safe, and promising mycotoxin decontamination strategy. In this study, viable and heat-inactivated L. acidophilus CIP 76.13T and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CIP 101027T cells were investigated for their ability to remove aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) from MRS medium and PBS buffer over a 24 h period at 37 °C. LAB decontamination activity was also assessed in a ZEA-contaminated liquid feed (LF). Residual mycotoxin concentrations were determined by UHPLC-FLD/DAD analysis. In PBS, viable L. acidophilus CIP 76.13T and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CIP 101027T cells removed up to 57% and 30% of ZEA and DON, respectively, while AFB1 and OTA reductions were lower than 15%. In MRS, 28% and 33% of ZEA and AFB1 were removed, respectively; OTA and DON reductions were small (≤15%). Regardless of the medium, heat-inactivated cells produced significantly lower mycotoxin reductions than those obtained with viable cells. An adsorption mechanism was suggested to explain the reductions in AFB1 and OTA, while biodegradation could be responsible for the removal of ZEA and DON. Both viable LAB strains reduced ZEA by 23% in contaminated LF after 48 h of incubation. These findings suggest that LAB strains of L. acidophilus CIP 76.13T and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CIP 101027T may be applied in the feed industry to reduce mycotoxin contamination.
Highlights
Mycotoxins are harmful secondary metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate a wide range of food and feed products [1,2,3]
Key Contribution: Two potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, L. acidophilus Collection of Institute Pasteur (CIP): 76.13T and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CIP: 101027T are able to remove mycotoxins (OTA, ZEA, DON, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)) in in vitro experiments and in an animal liquid feed (LF) used as a feed model
An experimental procedure to study the mechanism of mycotoxin removal by bacterial strains is presented
Summary
Mycotoxins are harmful secondary metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate a wide range of food and feed products [1,2,3]. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ), zearalenone (ZEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) are the most commonly occurring mycotoxins. They can cause a variety of diseases (mycotoxicoses) in a wide range of susceptible animal species [2,4]. Pigs are one of the most sensitive species to mycotoxins. These mycotoxins can cause both clinical and subclinical effects, including depressed food intake, impaired gut integrity, vaccination failure, liver overload, immune system interference, and damage to immune system cells, as well as acting as predisposing factors to infectious agents present on the farm. The presence of mycotoxins in feed can result in the poor performance of animals
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