Abstract
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation of Hyptis suaveolens under osmotic stress due to salinity inoculations with a mycorrhizal fungal species. H. suaveolens seeds were germinated in polyethylene pots containing a substrate associated with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). After plant formation, treatments were treated with different salt concentrations (0.0, 35, 70, and 105 mM) and fungi (control and two types of AMF), totaling 12 treatments with three replicates. The experimental design used randomized blocks in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, totaling 12 treatments with three replicates each. Salinity affected all measured physiological and biochemical variables, and the stress reduced dry matter content. Plants associated with AMF had increased dry matter compared to non-associated plants, and there were increased biochemical and physiological responses of AMF-colonized plants in the 35 mM NaCl treatment. However, saline stress negatively affected the development of H. suaveolens; and therefore, no attenuation of fungi was observed.
Highlights
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit is a weed from the Labiatae family, a subshrub with a wide geographical distribution in Brazil, but occurring more frequently in the Cerrado regions
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Gigaspora albida and Claroideoglomus etunicatum were provided by the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE)
When subjected to different levels of salinity, H. suaveolens showed a marked reduction in biomass production, with the roots more affected than the aerial part (Figure 1A and 1B), probably due to direct contact of the roots with the salt in the soil and corroborating the results by RAGAGNIN et al (2014)
Summary
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit is a weed from the Labiatae family, a subshrub with a wide geographical distribution in Brazil, but occurring more frequently in the Cerrado regions. It occurs annually and inhabits agricultural soils, roadsides, lands, and soil drastically changed by anthropogenic action. This species is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions (SAKTHIVADIVEL et al, 2015). The species is recorded in the literature as a producer of an essential oil whose chemical composition consists mainly of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, alkanes, benzothiazole, diterpenes, triterpenes, and steroids (MARTINS, 2006). There are many studies on the action of this essential oil, which has proven antifungal, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and antiseptic properties (CHATRI et al, 2014), antioxidant effects (TAFURT-GARCÍA, 2015), and other actions.
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