Abstract
Mycorrhizas (Greek – ‘fungus + ;root’) represent by and large mutualistic associations between plant roots and nonpathogenic, obligate symbiotic fungi that colonise the cortical tissue of roots during periods of active plant growth. The mutualistic relationship is usually characterised by the movement of nutrients – carbon flows to the fungus and inorganic nutrients move to the plant – thereby providing a critical linkage between the plant root and soil system. About 90 % of terrestrial plants, including angiosperms, gymnosperms and pteridophytes, are mycorrhizal (Read et al. 2000). Only few higher plants do not form mycorrhizal associations, including some aquatic vascular plants and members of the conventional non-host families, such as Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae and Juncaceae.
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