Abstract
Reforestation provides restoration of forest ecosystem services including improved soil fertility, which leads to increased productivity and/or sustainability of the system. Trees also increase the average carbon stocks providing wood supply for local communities; however, C sequestration strategies highlight tree plantations without considering their full environmental consequences, such as losses in stream flow. The productivity of a site is a consequence of their physical, chemical, and biological properties, resulting in natural fertile soils or adequate managed soils for improved quality. Thus, it is required to know the variations in the properties of land-use systems for adoptability of agroforestry innovations. The choice of agroforestry tree species (highly mycorrhizal dependent plants should be selected) would have great implications for the manipulation of arbuscular mycorrhizas's species. In dry forest, the inevitable consequence of cutting has been the loss of vegetation cover and insufficient scientific information on the capacity to optimize forest recuperation affects agroforestry adoption. To study the biological properties of soils is now of interest; therefore, this paper reviews the literature that has hitherto been published on mycorrhizal interactions for reforestation and points out the use of mycorrhizal technology as one of the alternatives to improve forest products and environmental quality.
Highlights
Several reports on reforestation/afforestation have showed that alternatives to current agricultural practices have resulted in an enhanced interest in agroforestry systems; reforestation provides restoration of forest ecosystem goods and services, including improved soil fertility and soil structure, which often leads to increased productivity and/or sustainability of the systems [1,2,3]
Machado and Bacha [81] evaluated the economic viability of the species included in their experiments, such as C. tomentosum [33, 34, 41], and A. angustifolia [42], but did not mention their functional type, showing a lack of biological data integration
Details of the original experimental design, sampling, and results are provided by Pagano et al [2, 3, 18]; we present below a discussion of findings from Brazilian dry forest necessary to place in perspective the importance of reforestation for the present review
Summary
Several reports on reforestation/afforestation have showed that alternatives to current agricultural practices have resulted in an enhanced interest in agroforestry systems; reforestation provides restoration of forest ecosystem goods and services, including improved soil fertility and soil structure, which often leads to increased productivity and/or sustainability of the systems [1,2,3]. Reforestation of floodplains can be beneficial for maintaining biodiversity, reducing erosion, improving water quality, mitigating peak flows, and controlling groundwater discharge (upwelling) [11] As specialists in this topic, Jackson and Baker [9] pointed out that a more extensive environmental planning is needed to avoid problems and to manage land successfully and sustainably, including values of other ecosystem services gained or lost with those of the reforested. The need for clarification responds to Malmer et al.’s [14] warning on the confused broad use of the terms forest and afforestation, as well as on the use of data generated mostly outside the tropics and for nondegraded soil conditions in the climate change community and their application by land and water managers, who are increasingly emerging in numbers. Throughout this review, we will work to involve as many points of views as possible to study reforestation ideas, regardless of country or institution
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