Abstract
The effects of two mycorrhizal fungi ( Glomus epigaeum Daniels & Trappe and Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul.) on the growth and mineral composition of shoots and roots of apple seedlings ( Malus micromalus Makino) were studied. Variables were air temperature and sterilization of soil. In sterilized soil, the two species differed in their effects on seedlings grown at different temperatures. G. epigaeum was mutualistic at low and high temperature, but G. macrocarpum was ineffective at low temperature. In unsterilized soil, neither species was mutualistic at low temperature, but both increased plant growth at high temperature. In sterilized soil, mutualism by G. macrocarpum was related to colonization. Enhanced growth of seedlings was accompanied by improved uptake of immobile nutrient elements, mainly Cu, P, Zn. Apple has a high dependency on mycorrhizal fungi, and mycorrhizal isolates selected for effectiveness may be useful for producing seedlings under Chinese production conditions.
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