Abstract
Due to the impoverishment of agricultural and horticultural soils and replant diseases, there is a need to use bioproducts and beneficial microorganisms in order to improve the quality of soils and growth substrates. For this reason, research was undertaken to assess the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere bacteria on changes in soil microbiology, the degree of colonization of plant roots by mycorrhizal fungi, selected physiological parameters, and fruit quality and yield of the strawberry cultivar “Rumba.” The plants were inoculated with the mycorrhizal preparation Mykoflor (Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomus etunicatum), MYC 800 (Rhizophagus intraradices), and the bacterial preparation Rhizocell C (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IT45). The applied preparations increased the total number of bacteria and fungi in the soil and mycorrhizal frequency in the roots of the strawberry plants. They increased the chlorophyll “a” and total chlorophyll concentrations in the leaves as well as the rate of transpiration and CO2 concentration in the intercellular spaces in the leaves. The plants treated with Rhizocell C and MYC 800 exhibited a higher CO2 assimilation rate than control plants. The biopreparations increased chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as maximum fluorescence (FM) and the maximum potential photochemical reaction efficiency in PS II (FV/FM). The influence of the species of rhizosphere bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi used in the experiment on the physiological traits of strawberry plants contributed, especially in the second year of the study, to increase the yield and mean weight of strawberry fruit.
Highlights
The strawberry fruit (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) is one of the most popular berry fruits due to its taste quality and nutritionalMycorrhiza (2019) 29:489–501 harmful to plants
A significant increase of the total number of bacteria in samples from the plants treated with Rhizocell C was observed in both years of the study (Table 1)
The increase in the total number of isolated bacteria following the use of the biopreparation Rhizocell C, the increase in the total number of isolated fungi resulting from the use of all the biopreparations, and the decrease in the total number of isolated spore-forming bacteria after the application of the biopreparations MYC 800 and Rhizocell C indicate that, apart from environmental factors, the application of microorganisms could affect the microbial community in the soil
Summary
The strawberry fruit (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) is one of the most popular berry fruits due to its taste quality and nutritionalMycorrhiza (2019) 29:489–501 harmful to plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria (PGPR) favorably affect, among other attributes of plants, the absorptive surface of roots, the availability of nutrients to plants (Sas-Paszt et al 2011; Cavagnaro et al 2015; Leifheit et al 2015), and the biosynthesis of phytohormones and plant metabolism (Torelli et al 2000; Bona et al 2010, 2011; Cicatelli et al 2012; Baslam et al 2013) They can indirectly affect the rate of photosynthesis by increasing stomatal conductance to CO2 and can improve the efficiency of photochemical processes. They increase yield and crop quality, especially under stress conditions (Borkowska 2002; Khade and Rodrigues 2009; Karlidag et al 2013)
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