Mycogenic Selenium Nanoparticles as Potential New Generation Broad Spectrum Antifungal Molecules.

Shreya Joshi,Savitha De Britto,Sudisha Jogaiah,Shin-Ichi Ito

doi:10.3390/biom9090419

Shreya Joshi, Savitha De Britto + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090419

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Journal: Biomolecules	Publication Date: Aug 28, 2019
Citations: 138	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Karnatak University

Abstract

The current challenges of sustainable agricultural development augmented by global climate change have led to the exploration of new technologies like nanotechnology, which has potential in providing novel and improved solutions. Nanotools in the form of nanofertilizers and nanopesticides possess smart delivery mechanisms and controlled release capacity for active ingredients, thus minimizing excess run-off to water bodies. This study aimed to establish the broad spectrum antifungal activity of mycogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized from Trichoderma atroviride, and characterize the bioactive nanoparticles using UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The synthesized nanoparticles displayed excellent in vitro antifungal activity against Pyricularia grisea and inhibited the infection of Colletotrichum capsici and Alternaria solani on chili and tomato leaves at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm, respectively. The SEM-EDS analysis of the bioactive SeNPs revealed a spherical shape with sizes ranging from 60.48 nm to 123.16 nm. The nanoparticles also possessed the unique property of aggregating and binding to the zoospores of P. infestans at a concentration of 100 ppm, which was visualized using light microscope, atomic force microscopy, and electron microscopy. Thus, the present study highlights the practical application of SeNPs to manage plant diseases in an ecofriendly manner, due to their mycogenic synthesis and broad spectrum antifungal activity against different phytopathogens.

Highlights

Nanoparticles are gaining rapid momentum in plant disease management due to their large surface area to volume ratio, which allows them to establish better contact with microorganisms, leading to enhanced antimicrobial activity [1,2]
The final weight of the harvested nanoparticles derived from the culture filtrate was found to be 37.6 mg
9, 419 ofthe harvested2019, nanoparticles derived from the culture filtrate was found to be 37.6 mg

Summary

Introduction

Nanoparticles are gaining rapid momentum in plant disease management due to their large surface area to volume ratio, which allows them to establish better contact with microorganisms, leading to enhanced antimicrobial activity [1,2]. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 419 enzymes and metabolites released by the fungal organisms that form the basis of the myco-synthesis of nanoparticles in an eco-friendly manner [7]. During this process, the toxicity of the metal ions is negated to the non- toxic metallic nanoparticles [8]. Selenium is found to be less toxic and more biologically active [9,10,11] in its reduced nano-form when compared to its other chemical forms such as sodium selenite and selenium sulfide [12] In their amorphous forms, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) possess peculiar photoelectric, semiconducting, and X-ray-sensing properties [13]. The biological activities and good adsorptive ability of SeNPs can be attributed to the interactions between the nanoparticles and functional groups present in proteins such as NH, C=O, COO–, and C–N [9]

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