Abstract
BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a potential hazard for animals and humans health. The goal of this study was to improve our understanding of bTB epidemiology in Burkina Faso and especially Mycobacterium bovis transmission within and between the bovine and human populations.Methodology/principal findingsTwenty six M. bovis strains were isolated from 101 cattle carcasses with suspected bTB lesions during routine meat inspections at the Bobo Dioulasso and Ouagadougou slaughterhouses. In addition, 7 M. bovis strains were isolated from 576 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Spoligotyping, RDAf1 deletion and MIRU-VNTR typing were used for strains genotyping. The isolation of M. bovis strains was confirmed by spoligotyping and 12 spoligotype signatures were detected. Together, the spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR data allowed grouping the 33 M. bovis isolates in seven clusters including isolates exclusively from cattle (5) or humans (1) or from both (1). Moreover, these data (genetic analyses and phenetic tree) showed that the M. bovis isolates belonged to the African 1 (Af1) clonal complex (81.8%) and the putative African 5 (Af5) clonal complex (18.2%), in agreement with the results of RDAf1 deletion typing.Conclusions/SignificanceThis is the first detailed molecular characterization of M. bovis strains from humans and cattle in Burkina Faso. The distribution of the two Af1 and putative Af5 clonal complexes is comparable to what has been reported in neighbouring countries. Furthermore, the strain genetic profiles suggest that M. bovis circulates across the borders and that the Burkina Faso strains originate from different countries, but have a country-specific evolution. The genetic characterization suggests that, currently, M. bovis transmission occurs mainly between cattle, occasionally between cattle and humans and potentially between humans. This study emphasizes the bTB risk in cattle but also in humans and the difficulty to set up proper disease control strategies in Burkina Faso.
Highlights
Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis in a broad spectrum of hosts, such as cattle, goats, sheep and wild animals to which it can be transmitted through the oral or respiratory route [1]
In sub-Saharan Africa, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a serious problem for livestock production and a health risk for humans as most human populations live in close contact with domestic animals in which the disease is highly prevalent and imperfectly controlled [5]
The main goal of this work was to genetically characterize the M. bovis population in Burkina Faso in order to improve our understanding of bTB epidemiology and the circulation of M. bovis within and between the bovine and human populations in this country
Summary
Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in a broad spectrum of hosts, such as cattle, goats, sheep and wild animals to which it can be transmitted through the oral or respiratory route [1]. In sub-Saharan Africa, bTB is a serious problem for livestock production and a health risk for humans as most human populations live in close contact with domestic animals in which the disease is highly prevalent and imperfectly controlled [5]. In Burkina Faso, little is known about bTB epidemiology and national strategies for disease control are almost non-existent [7]. In sub-Saharan Africa, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a potential hazard for animals and humans health. The goal of this study was to improve our understanding of bTB epidemiology in Burkina Faso and especially Mycobacterium bovis transmission within and between the bovine and human populations
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